Traffic and Highway Engineering
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781305156241
Author: Garber, Nicholas J.
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 19, Problem 10P
To determine
The design of a suitable pavement consisting of a granular subbase, a granular base layer and an asphalt concrete surface.
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Using IRC: 37 - 1984 "Guidelines for
the Design of Flexible Pavements" and
the following data, choose the total
thickness of the pavement.
No. of commercial vehicles when
construction is completed= 2723 veh/
day
Annual growth rate of the traffic = 5.0%
Design life of the pavement = 10 years
Vehicle damage factor = 2.4
CBR value of the subgrade soil = 5%
Data for 5% CBR value
No. of Standard
Axles, msa
20
25
30
40
Total
Thickness, mm
620
640
670
700
A flexible pavement has a structural number of 3.8, the initial PSI is 4.7 and the terminal
serviceability is 2.5. The soil has a resilient modulus of 13,000. The overall standard
deviation is 0.4 and the design reliability is 95%. The pavement is currently designed for
1800 equivalent 18-kip single-axle loads per day. What is the pavement's design life in
years? If the number of 18-kip single-axle loads were to increase by 50%, by how many
years would the pavement's design life be reduced?
A flexible pavement is constructed with 3 inches of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) wearing
surface, 6 inches of emulsion/aggregate-bituminous base, and 6 inches of crushed
stone subbase. The subgrade has a soil resilient modulus of 8,000 lb/in² , and M2 and
M3 are equal to 1.0 for the materials in the pavement structure. The overall standard
deviation is 0.5, the initial PSI is 4.5, and the TSI is 2.5. The daily traffic has 1080 20-kip
single axles, 400 24-kip single axles, and 680 40-kip tandem axles. How many years
would you estimate this pavement would last (how long before its PSI drops below a
TSI of 2.5) if you wanted to be 90% confident that your estimate was not too high,
and if you wanted to be 99% confident that your estimate was not too high?
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- A flexible pavement is constructed with 4 inches of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) wearing surface, 8 inches of emulsion/aggregate-bituminous base, and 8 inches of crushed stone subbase. The subgrade has a soil resilient modulus of 10,000 lb/in^2, and M2 and M3 are equal to 1.0 for the materials in the pavement structure. The overall standard deviation is 0.5, the initial PSI is 4.5, and the TSI is 2.5. The daily traffic has 1080 20-kip single axles,400 24-kip single axles, and 680 40-kip tandem axles. How many years would you estimate this pavement would last (how long before its PSI drops below a TSI of 2.5) if you wanted to be 99%confident that your estimate was not too higharrow_forwardProblem 1 A highway has the following pavement design daily traffic: 300 single axles at 10,000 lb each, 120 single axles at 18,000 lb each, 100 single axles at 23,000 lb each, 100 tandem axles at 32,000 lb each, 30 single axles at 32,000 lb each, and 100 triple axles at 40,000 lb each. A flexible pavement is designed to have 4 inches of sand-mix asphalt wearing surface, 6 inches of soilcement base, and 7 inches of crushed stone subbase. The pavement has a 10-year design life, a reliability of 85%, an overall standard deviation of 0.30, drainage coefficients of 1.0, an initial PSI of 4.7, and a TSI of 2.5. What is the minimum acceptable soil resilient modulus? Problem 2. Consider the loading conditions in Problem 1. A rigid pavement is used with a modulus of subgrade reaction of 200 lb/in?, a slab thickness of 8 inches, a load transfer coefficient of 3.2, a modulus of elasticity of 5 million Ib/in2, a modulus of rupture of 600 lb/in?, and a drainage coefficient of 1.0. How many years…arrow_forwardA flexible pavement is constructed with 4 inches of hot-mix asphalt wearing surface, 10 inches soil cement base and 10 inches crushed stone subbase. The subgrade has a soil resilient modulus of 12,000 Ib/in2, M2 = 1.5 and M3=1.127 for the materials of the pavement structure. The overall standard deviation is 0.5, the initial PSI = 5.0 and the terminal serviceability index (TSI) is 2.5. The daily traffic has 3000 cars, 1000 trucks and 500 trailers. The axle weights are: Cars: 20000 lb single axle 10000 lb single axle Trucks: 600O Ib single axle 18000 lb single axle Trailers: 8000 lb single axle 14000 lb tandem axle 40000 lb triple axle How long in years would the pavement last if R = 98% ? (Final %3D answer to 2 decimal places)arrow_forward
- A highway has the following pavement design daily traffic: 300 single axles at 10,000 lb each, 120 single axles at 18,000 lb each, 100 single axles at 23,000 lb each, 100 tandem axles at 32,000 lb each, 30 single axles at 32,000 lb each, and 100 triple axles at 40,000 lb each. A flexible pavement is designed to have 4 inches of sand-mix asphalt wearing surface, 6 inches of soil cement base, and 7 inches of crushed stone sub base. The pavement has a 10-year design life, a reliability of 85%, an overall standard deviation of 0.30, drainage coefficients of 1.0, an initial PSI of 4.7, and a TSI of 2.5. What is the minimum acceptable soil resilient modulus?arrow_forwardA rural principal arterial is expected to carry an ESAL of 0.188×106 during the first year of operation with an expected annual growth of 6% over the 20-year design life. If the subgrade has resilient modulus of 15,000 psi, design a suitable pavement consisting of a granular subbase with a layer coefficient of 0.13, a granular base layer with a layer coefficient of 0.14, and an asphalt concrete surface with an elastic modulus of 400,000 psi. Assume all m; values = 1 and the percent of traffic on the design lane is 47%. Use reliability level of 99%, standard deviation of 0.4, and APSI of 2.0. If the minimum required thickness of asphalt surface and aggregate base course is used, what is the design thickness of subbase?arrow_forwardQ/ A flexible pavement was designed for the following daily traffic with a 12-year design life: 1300 single axles at 8,000 lb each, 900 tandem axles at 15,000 lb each, 20 single axles at 40,000 lb each, and 200 tandem axles at 40,000 lb each. The highway was designed with 4 inches of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) wearing surface, 4 inches of hot-mix asphaltic base, and 8 inches of crushed stone subbase. The reliability was 70%, overall standard deviation was 0.5, APSI was 2.0 (with a TSI of 2.5), and all drainage coefficients were 1.0. What was the soil resilient modulus of the subgrade used in design?arrow_forward
- Example: Design a new flexible pavement for a major interstate highway using the following conditions: Pavement location : Rural Number of lanes :2 lanes in each direction Total traffic during peak hour : 267 ESAL Design period : 16 years Growth factor : 12% Traffic distribution design of lane factor Lf: 65% Sub-grade CBR : 8% Standard deviation : 40% Overall serviceability loss: Po - Pt = 4.2 -2 = 2.2 21arrow_forwardA flexible pavement is constructed with 3 inches of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) wearingsurface, 6 inches of emulsion/aggregate-bituminous base, and 6 inches of crushedstone subbase. The subgrade has a soil resilient modulus of 8,000 lb/in2 , and M2 andM3 are equal to 1.0 for the materials in the pavement structure. The overall standarddeviation is 0.5, the initial PSI is 4.5, and the TSI is 2.5. The daily traffic has 1080 20-kipsingle axles, 400 24-kip single axles, and 680 40-kip tandem axles. How many yearswould you estimate this pavement would last (how long before its PSI drops below aTSI of 2.5) if you wanted to be 90% confident that your estimate was not too high,and if you wanted to be 99% confident that your estimate was not too high?arrow_forwardA flexible pavement is constructed with 4 inches of hot-mix asphalt wearing surface, 10 inches soil cement base and 10 inches crushed stone subbase. The subgrade has a soil resilient modulus of 12,000 lb/in2, M2 = 1.5 and M3=1.127 for the materials of the pavement structure. The overall standard deviation is 0.5, the initial PSI = 5.0 and the terminal serviceability index (TSI) is 2.5. The daily traffic has 3000 cars, 1000 trucks and 500 trailers. The axle weights are: How long in years would the pavement last if R = 98% ? (Final answer to 2 decimal places)arrow_forward
- Q2: A pavement system must be designed to accommodate 1,000 20-kip single axle loads per day. The pavement should provide 99% reliability and accommodate a standard devation of 0.35. The pavement should be comprised of either a 10-inch concrete slab or a 6-inch hot-mix asphalt surface on top of a 7-inch dense-grade crushed stone base and a 10-inch crushed stone subbase. Determine whether the rigid or flexible pavement will lost longer given the following pavement and soil characteristics: • PSI = 4.5 (both pavements) • TSI = 2.5 (both pavements) • CD = 1.0 • E = 4,000,000 • k= 300 pci • J= 3.0 • M2 = M3 = 1.0 • MR = 12,500 psi • S' = 1,000 psi Use the AASHTO pavement design equations or nomograph.arrow_forwardFill in the following blanks: 1. . . is a collapse of pavement structure or a breakdown of one or more pavement components. 2. For soils that have particle sizes between 3. The thickness design of flexible pavement is influenced by the 4. The scale Present Serviceability Index (PSI) ranges from .... considered as sand. 5. The traffic load is determined in terms of a single-axle load applied to the pavement on two sets of dual tires which is ... lb.arrow_forwardExample: Design a new flexible pavement for a major interstate highway using the following conditions: Pavement location : Rural Number of lanes :2 lanes in each direction Total traffic during peak hour : 267 ESAL Design period : 16 years Growth factor : 12% Traffic distribution design of lane factor Lf: 65% Sub-grade CBR : 8% Standard deviation : 40% Overall serviceability loss: Po - Pt 4.2 -2 = 2.2 Solution: Step 1: Reliability (R) = 90% , Rural (Table 8.5) Step 2: Standard deviation (So) = 40% (Given) Step 3: Cumulative expected ESAL during design life in the design lane (W18) W18 = ADT x 365 x G x Df x Lf ADT = (Total traffic during peak hour) x 24 = 267 x 24 = 6408 EASL (1+i)"f-1 (1+0.12)16-1 G = = 45.613 i 0.12 22 Df = 0.93 2 lanes each direction (Table 8.6) W18 = 6408 x 365 x 45.613 x 0.93 x 0.65 = 64491246 x 64 x 106 ESAL D1 = ? D2 = ? D3 = ?arrow_forward
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