Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 18.2, Problem 2TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The relative advantages and disadvantages of the different strategies for maintaining separation of nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis.
Introduction:
Cyanobacteria or blue green algae are a phylum comprised of free-living photosynthetic bacteria as well as endosymbiotic plastids that are found in certain eukaryotes. These organisms obtain the required energy through the process of oxygenic photosynthesis. These are aquatic organisms.
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Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
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- What proportion of total world productivity is achieved by chemosynthesis?arrow_forwardYou grow plants under two watering treatments: high water and low water. You examine photosynthetic rates as a function of light for plants in each treatment. Your results are in attached image A) Which treatment is dashed line B? a) high watering b) low watering B) What abiotic factor is limiting photosynthesis between the open circle and closed circle for treatment B? a) light b) water c) carbon dioxide C) What process is limiting photosynthesis between the open triangle and closed triangle for treatment A? a) light-dependent reactions b) calvin cyclearrow_forwardSoil microorganisms, collectively referred to as dizotrophs, fix 90% of the inert nitrogen gas to ammonium and nitrate. There are two-main types of nitrogen-fixing bacteria: free-living (nonsymbiotic) and mutualistic (symbiotic). Describe the mutualistic relationship between Rhizobium and legumes. What is the advantage of using legumes as a cover crop in agricultural systems? A point of interest is that the nitrogenase enzyme complex is highly sensitive to oxygen. This is a major problem for free-living aerobic species such as cyanobacteria and species of the genera Azotobacter and Beiigrinckia. Describe two ways the bacteria can overcome to levels of oxygen in their cells.arrow_forward
- There is a rare microalga that has a promising future as a producer of a new type of biofuel. After research in the lab, it is found that it is having a difficult time propagating outside of its native environment, and it is identified that this is an issue with its respiration pathway. Overall ATP production is around half of expected,and you find that glycolysis isn’t producing any net ATP molecules and only one molecule of NADH. Question: Assuming that the respiration pathway is similar to other prokaryotes, where would you expect to find a nonfunctional mutation in this pathway? What is the reason for this? What could a growth strategy be that can better support this rare bacterium until you can come up with a long-term solution?arrow_forwardWhat do you mean by transpiration? What are various types of transpiration? From where does transpiration occurs?arrow_forwardDefine nitrogen fıxation and identify the key enzyme involved. Additionally explain how and why N fixing legumes minimize the concentration of O2 in the root nodulesarrow_forward
- Which definition is INCORRECT? A) O Photoexcitation: light absorption leads to raising an electron to a higher energy state. C) O Photolysis: light absorption coupled to splitting a molecule. D) O Photophosphorylation: a form of substrate level phosphorylation used for ATP formation E) O Photosynthesis: is often photoexcitation and photolysis coupled with CO2 fixation and biosynthesisarrow_forwardThe purple sulfur bacteria using PSII produce reducing power (i.e. NADH) during the light reactions of photosynthesis by what process? a) The reverse TCA cycle b) The Calvin cycle c) Cyclic photophosphorylation d) Reverse electron flowarrow_forwardAtrazine is one of the world’s most used herbicides. It functions by bonding to and disabling a protein in photosystem II. Plants treated with this herbicide die via starvation. Based on this information, what is also true about atrazine-treated plants? a) Only non-cyclic electron flow is possible. b) There is not enough ATP created to fuel the Calvin cycle. c) The plants can switch to C4 pathways. d) The chloroplast is disabled.arrow_forward
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Photosynthesis & Respiration | Reactions | Chemistry | FuseSchool; Author: FuseSchool - Global Education;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XIyweZg6Sw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY