Chapter 18, Problem 83P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The two synthesis routes for the preparation of p-methoxyaniline from benzene has to be described.

Concept Introduction:

Bromine in ${\text{FeBr}}_{\text{3}}$ and ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}/{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ are used for bromination and nitration of benzene respectively.  These reactions are examples of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction.  Hydrochloric acid in ${\text{NaNO}}_{\text{2}}$ at low temperature $\left(0-5°\text{C}\right)$ is used for the formation of diazonium salts.  The reaction of diazonium salt with methanol leads to the replacement of diazonium group with ${\text{-OCH}}_{\text{3}}$.  The reduction of nitro group into amine group is facillated by ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}/\text{Ni}$.