BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 18, Problem 2A
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
ENCODE stands for Encyclopedia of DNA Elements project is a collective effort to recognize all functional elements that are present in the genome of human. The primary interpretation of the work was
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Which statement BEST differentiate metagenomics from proteomics?
a The material used in metagenomics is mRNA while proteomic uses polypeptides.
b The material used in metagenomics is DNA while proteomic uses polypeptides.
c The material used in metagenomics is a transcriptome while proteomic uses polypeptides.
d The material used in metagenomics is DNA from a mitochondrion while proteomic uses polypeptides.
Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that integrates knowledge of computer science
with mathematics and statistics to solve biological questions. Many bioinformatics tools
for gene prediction, homology modelling and such are available free online.
(1) What does BLAST stand for?
(ii)
Explain the function of BLAST.
What is Sanger sequencing? Why do we use ddNTP? How to read a DNA sequence gel? c. What is a cDNA seq (RNA seq)? d. What is the main difference between a genomic and a transcriptome study?
Chapter 18 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 18.1 - Describe the pros and cons of restriction mapping,...Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 18.2 - Discriminate between dideoxy terminator sequencing...Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 18.3 - Describe the findings of the Human Genome Project.Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 18.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 18.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 18.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 18.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 18.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 18.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 18.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 18 - Prob. 1DACh. 18 - If the human genome contains approximately 3...Ch. 18 - Prob. 1IQCh. 18 - Prob. 2IQCh. 18 - Prob. 3IQCh. 18 - Prob. 4IQCh. 18 - Prob. 5IQCh. 18 - Prob. 6IQCh. 18 - A genetic map provides a. the sequence of the DNA...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2UCh. 18 - Approximately how many genes are there in the...Ch. 18 - An open reading frame (ORF) is distinguished by...Ch. 18 - What is a BLAST search? a. A mechanism for...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6UCh. 18 - Prob. 7UCh. 18 - Prob. 8UCh. 18 - Prob. 1ACh. 18 - Prob. 2ACh. 18 - Prob. 3ACh. 18 - Prob. 4ACh. 18 - What information can be obtained from a DNA...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6ACh. 18 - Prob. 7ACh. 18 - You are in the early stages of a genome-sequencing...Ch. 18 - Genomic research can be used to determine if an...
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- Check all the statements that are TRUE regarding 16S or ITS (microbiome) illumina (NGS) sequencing vs. whole genome illumina (NGS) sequencing. A. You don't need to trim the reads for 16S sequencing, but you do for whole genome sequencing. B. Whole genome sequencing files will have more reads in them because genomes are bigger than 16S amplicons. C. The read alignment and contig assembly steps would probably be harder for whole genome sequencing. D. The 16S molecules being sequenced are always DNA, while for whole genome sequencing they could be RNA or DNA going into the illumina sequencer. E. NGS for 16S and whole genome sequencing can both use sample indexes/barcodes to maximize efficiency. F. Whole genome sequencing doesn't necessarily require you to know any of the sequences/targets before hand to design specific primers for.arrow_forwardProteomics is used to discovera. what genes are active in what cells.b. what proteins are active in what cells.c. the structure and function of proteins.d. how proteins interact.e. All except a are correct.arrow_forwardWhat is the most challenging issue facing genome sequencing? a. the inability to develop fast and accurate sequencing techniques b. the ethics of using information from genomes at the individual level c. the availability and stability of DNA d. all of the abovearrow_forward
- In a clinical context, doctors are evaluating a therapy for a new patient (say patient B) that they have reasons to believe might develop a cancer similar to another patient they treated successfully (patient A). They know that the severity of the cancer is mainly associated with mutations in a specific gene (BRCAI). Suggest a technique that can be used to rapidly assess the similarity between the genetic panerns of patients A and B, without the need to sequence the entire gene, and briefly describe it. A team of scientists are interested in the amplification of a specific DNA fragment in a large plasmid of about 10000 bps. (0) (11) The sequence the scientists are interested in is 5'-CATTGATTATTG[...JATCAATTACGGG-3" 3-GTAACTAATAAG[...]TAGTTAATGCCC-5* Where [...] indicates a longer 100bps sequence. Provide two possible primers that the scientists should use to address their need, if they want to be sure they specifically address this region in the entire plasmid. Briefly explain the…arrow_forwardSite-directed mutagenesis can be used to: a. treat diseases by gene therapy. b. make single residue mutation of a protein. c. make human insulin for treatment of diabetes. d. determine protein structures. e. determine DNA sequencingarrow_forwarda. What type of nucleic acid and from what species would the scientist use to begin construction of her genomic DNA library? b. From what tissue would she isolate this nucleic acid? c. What type of reagent would the scientist use to cut the genome into appropriately sized fragments? d. What size nucleic acid fragments would one aim to prepare for the library construction so as to to avoid having to screen an overwhelming number of clones? e. Into what vector would the scientist ligate her genomic DNA fragments? f. What organism would the scientist use to propagate the clones of her genomic DNA library? g. From the information given in the problem determine what probe could be used to screen the scientist's library to find her clone of interest ?arrow_forward
- Q. How can you design your RT-PCR experiment to control for gDNA contamination? A. Use forward and reverse primers that bind to the same exon. B. Run a control lane where only RT was performed and not PCR. C. Run a control lane where mRNA has been amplified using PCR. D. Use forward and reverse primers that span the junction of 2 separate exons.arrow_forwardTranscriptome analysis involves two separate methodologies: gene expression and RNA seq analyses. The 10 items below are a scrambled listing of the steps used in the two procedures. Identify the steps involved in RNA seq from the list below. Use the numbers in the list to refer to each step. Once the steps for RNA seq have been identified, write the steps in the order in which they are performed during the experiment. (1) DNA sequencing (2) Allow for hybridization and wash excess cRNA. (3) Mix labeled cRNA with array chip. (4) PCR amplification (5) Measure fluorescence intensity to determine abundance of transcripts. (6) Add labeled cRNA at each microarray location. (7) Map cDNA sequences to the genome of the organism to determine identity and abundance of transcripts. (8) mRNA isolation from cells (9) Prepare fluorescently labeled cRNA probes (10) cDNA synthesisarrow_forwardA has been assembled by researchers and transplanted into a donor bacterial strain to study never before seen gene functions. Select one: a. Transgenic genome b. Recombinant DNA sequence c. Knockdown gene d. Synthetic genome o e. Recombinant plasmid Clear my choice is changing our Sequencing the human genome, the development of microarray technology, and understanding of complex diseases like cancer. They help us to observe the gene expression patterns in genetic disease by comparing the healthy tissue of individuals against the disease state of others. Select one: C a. Proteomics o b. Metagenomics MO C. Functional genomics d. Personal genomics O e. Developmental genomics Clear my choicearrow_forward
- A. In what year was the National Bioethics Advisory Council formed? B. The first mammal clone to be produced from an adult (somatic cell)?arrow_forwardIt has been suggested that it would make the study of human diseases easier if cloned transgenic animals were produced that carried faulty versions of human genes (e.g., the gene that causes cystic fibrosis). a. Why would such animals be useful in medical research? : b. What ethical questions are raised by the creation of such transgenic animals?arrow_forwardBriefly answer the question: Exome sequencing to identify a mutation that could cause a particular set of symptoms in a patient can reveal another genetic condition that has not yet been detected. Under what circumstances, if any, do you think patients should receive such "secondary findings"?arrow_forward
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