Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042435
Author: Michael D. Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 1AWK
Why do you suppose that the death rate from lung cancer has increased much more in women than in men over the past 35 years? What information would you like to have that might support or disprove your hypothesis?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
A survey of Canadian males was performed in during the 1980s. 52% of adult males smoked. The lifetime probability of getting lung cancer in male smokers was 17.2% compared to 1.3% in non-smoking males.
c)Use your probability tree to calculate the following:
An elderly Canadian male developed cancer
What is the probability that he smoked?
Pr[smoke | cancer] = ?
pls help me with the following and explain. thank you
In a study, where the causal relationship between alcohol drinking and colon cancer was studied, there were 2000 people who consume alcohol and there were 2000 people who do not consume alcohol. These populations were followed up for 10 years and after the following period there were 280 people who had colon cancer in alcohol drinker group, compared with 100 people having colon cancer in the non-drinker group.
(e) Interpret your finding in the question What was the relative risk of having colon cancer risk in alcohol drinkers (what does the relative risk you found out)? explain in great detail
The following table was taken from a paper published in 1939. The authors
established the smoking habits of 172 men, half of whom had been diagnosed with
lung cancer and half of whom were healthy. This was one of the very first studies
which sought to establish whether a link existed between exposure to tobacco and
lung cancer.
Lung cancer cases
Healthy men
Heavy
smokers
56
31
Light
smokers
27
41
Non-
smokers
3
14
Total
86
86
1. What can you conclude about the smoking habits of the general population from
these results?
2. What proportion of lung cancer cases were heavy smokers? What proportion of
healthy men were heavy smokers?
3. On the basis of a comparison of the proportions in Q2, do you consider that a
reasonable doctor in 1939 who had read the paper should have advised his
patients not to smoke?
4. What information would you need to estimate the extent to which the health
of the population is affected by smoking?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
Ch. 18 - Prob. 1QCCh. 18 - Prob. 2QCCh. 18 - Prob. 3QCCh. 18 - Compare and contrast a benign tumor and a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2CRCh. 18 - Prob. 3CRCh. 18 - Explain why we have not yet made much progress...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5CRCh. 18 - Prob. 6CRCh. 18 - Prob. 7CR
Ch. 18 -
8. Describe how tumors are diagnosed.
Ch. 18 - Prob. 9CRCh. 18 - Prob. 10CRCh. 18 - Prob. 1TYCh. 18 - Prob. 2TYCh. 18 - Prob. 3TYCh. 18 -
4. Which of the following statements regarding...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5TYCh. 18 - Prob. 6TYCh. 18 - Which of the following cancer treatments would be...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8TYCh. 18 - Prob. 9TYCh. 18 -
10. The ABCD rule refers to the evaluation of:
a....Ch. 18 - The most common cause(s) of cancer deaths in the...Ch. 18 - Which of the following statements about breast...Ch. 18 - Prob. 13TYCh. 18 - Prob. 14TYCh. 18 - Prob. 15TYCh. 18 -
1. Why do you suppose that the death rate from...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2AWKCh. 18 - Prob. 3AWKCh. 18 - Prob. 4AWKCh. 18 - Common therapies for cancer include chemotherapy...Ch. 18 - The first cancer that can be nearly completely...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- On average, Black Americans have shorter life expectancies than White Americans. Which of the following contributes to this difference? A. In recent years, alcohol and opioid abuse have had the biggest impact on life expectancies for Black Amerians relative to any other racial or ethnic groups. B. Black Americans are more likely to have regualr cancer screenings and so have a higher recorded incidence of cancer. C. The youngest generations of Black American are less health than older generations, so health amoung Black Americans has been getting worse over time. D. Black Americans ten to receive lower-quality care and spend less time with medical practitioners than White Americans do.arrow_forwardResearchers are starting to feel pretty confident that daily alcohol consumption is CAUSALLY linked with liver cancer. What do you think is the most important other Hill’s criterion that researchers would like to have that would make them feel even more strongly about causality in this relationship?arrow_forwardLook at the question here___ Suppose a study looking at the association between smoking and bladder cancer found an odds ratio = 2.4. What would be the best way to interpret this? (Select one answer.) Smokers are 140% times as likely to develop bladder cancer compared to non-smokers. People with bladder cancer are about 40% more likely to be smokers compared to people who don't have bladder cancer. Smokers have a 2.4 % more risk of bladder cancer compared to nonsmokers. Smokers have 2.4 times the risk of developing bladder cancer compared to non-smokers.?arrow_forward
- Suppose a study looking at the association between smoking and bladder cancer found an odds ratio = 2.4. What would be the best way to interpret this? (Select one answer.) Smokers are 140% times as likely to develop bladder cancer compared to non-smokers. People with bladder cancer are about 40% more likely to be smokers compared to people who don't have bladder cancer. Smokers have a 2.4 % more risk of bladder cancer compared to nonsmokers. Smokers have 2.4 times the risk of developing bladder cancer compared to non-smokers.arrow_forwardWhat was a key finding from research that contributed to the widely accepted fact that smoking leads to an increased lung cancer risk? (Choose the best answer) The retrospective data showed that smoking or not was a difference in past habits between those with cancer and those without. Patients who had lung cancer were 17 times to 1 more likely to smoke more than 2 packs a day. In a prospective study, researchers surveyed two hundred thousand people about their smoking habits and then kept track of them for 4 years. The data indicated that people who smoke cigarettes had a lung cancer rate that was 10 times larger than those who had never smoked. Rsearchers in a lab painted tar on animals and tracked whether they got cancerwhile controlling for all extraneous variables. The animals they covered in tar were more likely to contract cancer. All of the above studies contributed to this now-accepted knowledge. None of the above.…arrow_forwardTwo groups of participants read a description of a person called Mark, who was described as shy, introverted and good at mathematics. They were asked how likely each of the following statements were: a) That Mark is male; and b) That Mark is male and works as a software engineer. The group rated b) as more likely than a). In reality a) is more likely than b) because given his name, Mark has a very high probability of being a man. The combined probability of him being both a man and a software engineer must of course be lower. Why did the participants make this mistake, and what does this tell us about the way in which human beings make judgements about peoplearrow_forward
- Monozygotic twins: Question 2 options: a) Share 50% of their genetic material and if one twin has schizophrenia the risk of the other having the illness if 40-50% b) Share 100% of their genetic material and if one twin has schizophrenia, the risk of the other having schizophrenia is 10-15% c) Share 100% of their genetic material and if one twin has schizophrenia, the risk of the other having schizophrenia is 40-50% d) Share 50% of their genetic material and if one twin has schizophrenia the risk of the other having the illness is 10-15%arrow_forwardIf the risk of a particular type of cancer is expressed as 32 excess fatalities per 10,000 per Sv, how many excess fatalities would we expect in a poppulation of 3,000 exposed to 400mSv?arrow_forwardStudies have shown that there are significant differences in cancer rates among different ethnic groups. For example, the Japanese have very high rates of colon cancer but very low rates of breast cancer. It has also been demonstrated that when members of low-risk ethnic groups move to high-risk areas, their cancer risks rise to those of the high-risk area. For example, Japanese who live in the United States, where the risk of breast cancer is high, have higher rates of breast cancer than do Japanese who live in Japan. What are some of the possible explanations for this phenomenon? What factors may explain why the Japanese have higher rates of colon cancer than do other ethnic groups?arrow_forward
- Draw a schematic diagram of how we can treatment the Cystic fibrosis by using gene therapy? Please draw at your own hands.arrow_forwardThe following is an excerpt from a discussion of Principlism, which we have studied. (https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/principlism) Consider, for example, the question of what health professionals should do when they discover that a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is having unprotected sex with partners who are ignorant of his condition. First, respect for the patient's autonomy supports a policy of medical confidentiality, requiring health professionals not to reveal to others private information discovered in the course of caring for patients. According to this policy, health professionals should do nothing to warn the sexual partners of their HIV-positive patient, as doing so would violate his confidentiality. Second, if there is evidence that public disclosure of the patient's condition would harm him economically, socially, psychologically, or physically, the principle of nonmaleficence would also urge…arrow_forwardA study of smoking and lung cancer was conducted in a small island population. There were a total of 1,000 people in the study, and the study participants were followed over a ten year period. Four hundred were smokers and 600 were not. Of the smokers, fifty developed lung cancer. Of the non-smokers, 10 developed lung cancer. Calculate the relevant measure of association, interpret and make a conclusion. Compute Attributable Risk and interpret . Describe the difference between incidence rate and the prevalence rate.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Case Studies In Health Information ManagementBiologyISBN:9781337676908Author:SCHNERINGPublisher:Cengage
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Case Studies In Health Information Management
Biology
ISBN:9781337676908
Author:SCHNERING
Publisher:Cengage
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305112100
Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Cancer Types SIMPLY explained! MEMORIZE them QUICKLY and EASILY!; Author: CancerEdInstitute;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEBi-yvSWmQ;License: Standard Youtube License