The complete and detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn. Concept introduction: The nitrile group can be hydrolysed to a ketone on treatment with alcohol under acidic condition. The alcohol and water both act as nucleophiles in two nucleophilic addition steps. The proton transfers steps add protons to N and remove them from O , so no strongly basic species appears in the mechanism. A necessary condition for a reaction takes place under acidic condition. Proton transfer steps in the mechanism turn N into a good leaving group. Furthermore, tautomerization leads to a final product. The base is not permitted in the mechanism.

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 18, Problem 18.84P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The complete and detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The nitrile group can be hydrolysed to a ketone on treatment with alcohol under acidic condition. The alcohol and water both act as nucleophiles in two nucleophilic addition steps. The proton transfers steps add protons to N and remove them from O, so no strongly basic species appears in the mechanism. A necessary condition for a reaction takes place under acidic condition. Proton transfer steps in the mechanism turn N into a good leaving group. Furthermore, tautomerization leads to a final product. The base is not permitted in the mechanism.

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Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. Select to Edit Arrows H H Select to Add Arrows > H CFCI: Select to Edit Arrows H Select to Edit Arrows

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 18, Problem 18.84P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The complete and detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The nitrile group can be hydrolysed to a ketone on treatment with alcohol under acidic condition. The alcohol and water both act as nucleophiles in two nucleophilic addition steps. The proton transfers steps add protons to N and remove them from O, so no strongly basic species appears in the mechanism. A necessary condition for a reaction takes place under acidic condition. Proton transfer steps in the mechanism turn N into a good leaving group. Furthermore, tautomerization leads to a final product. The base is not permitted in the mechanism.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 18, Problem 18.84P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The complete and detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The nitrile group can be hydrolysed to a ketone on treatment with alcohol under acidic condition. The alcohol and water both act as nucleophiles in two nucleophilic addition steps. The proton transfers steps add protons to N and remove them from O, so no strongly basic species appears in the mechanism. A necessary condition for a reaction takes place under acidic condition. Proton transfer steps in the mechanism turn N into a good leaving group. Furthermore, tautomerization leads to a final product. The base is not permitted in the mechanism.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 18, Problem 18.84P

Interpretation Introduction