(a)
Interpretation:
The products of the reaction between HCN and
Concept introduction:
The hydoxide ion is both a base and a nucleophile. It is quite strong as a base and deprotonates most acids, forming its conjugate acid,
(b)
Interpretation:
The numerical factor by which the products side of the reaction between HCN and
Concept introduction:
In an acid-base reaction, the side with weaker acid (and base) is favored. The pKa values of the two acids in the reaction can be used to determine the factor by which that side is favored. The factor is given by the difference between the pKa values,
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Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
- Could the reactions shown here take place by a concerted mechanism?arrow_forwardRank the nucleophile strength of the compounds below from weakest to strongest.arrow_forwardGiven the general reaction coordinate diagram for an El reaction, what does the 1st transition state refer to? TS E TS, SM Reaction Coordinate An activated complex between the leaving group and carbocationic species. An activated complex between the nucleophile and carbocationic species. None of these O An activated complex between the base and carbocationic species.arrow_forward
- The reaction shown here proceeds via a carbocation rearrangement. Draw a complete, detailed mechanism to account for the product. Explain why the carbocation rearrangement is favorable. CH;OH Brarrow_forwardDraw the complete, detailed mechanism and predict the products for the following reactions. HCN KCN, H2O (a) HCN NaOH, H20 (b)arrow_forwardRank the bold-faced hydrogens for the following compounds from most acidic to least acidic. Explain why?arrow_forward
- The given reaction takes place in acidic conditions under rigorous heating. Complete the reaction mechanism, adding missing atoms and lone pairs, charges, and curved arrows as necessary. Ignore hydrogen sulfate in steps 2 and 3. OH Step 1: Draw curved arrows. : он H₂SO4 A : 0: || OH : 11 Step 2: Draw a curved arrow. OH₂arrow_forwardSupply the missing arrows to complete the reaction mechanisms below. For each of the reactions, BOX the electrophile and ENCIRCLE the nucleophile.arrow_forwardDraw the product & reaction arrows for each of the following acid-base reactions for the following. Which side of the equilibrium will be favored in both reactions?arrow_forward
- Determine the product for each of the following reactions and determing which product will predominate.arrow_forwardNo reaction occurs when benzaldehyde and propenenitrile (acrylonitrile) are combined. In the presence of a catalytic amount of NaCN, however, the reaction shown here takes place. Draw a complete, detailed mechanism to account for these results. Hint: See Problem 18.70. NaCN TH. + CN `CN HOH,0, ELOHarrow_forwardPredict the major products of each of the following reactions. Draw the complete detailed mechanism that leads to the formation of these products.arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning