Visual Essentials of Anatomy &Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780321780775
Author: Martini, Frederic
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Chapter 17.2, Problem 2.3SR
Summary Introduction
To match: Each lettered term with the most closely related description of “protein-free solution”.
Introduction:
A nephron has two parts,namely the renal tubule and the renal corpuscle. The process of plasma filtration takes place at the renal corpuscle.
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IV.
Nephron Blood Supply
To understand the blood supply more clearly to nephrons, color the structures in the following
figure. Use the suggested colors.
Afferent arteriole: Pink
• Efferent arteriole: Light red
Glomerulus capillaries: Orange
• Peritubular capillaries: Dark red
• Veins that feed into renal vein: Blue
Next, draw arrows to show the direction of blood flow. Also, label the following structures:
• Proximal convoluted tubule
• Distal convoluted tubule
• Loop of Henle
• Collecting duct
Matching: Assuming normal conditions, note whether each of the following substances would be:
A. In greater relative concentration in the urine than in glomerular filtrate
B. In lesser concentration in the urine than in the glomerular filtrate
C. Absent in both urine and glomerular filtrate
Uric acid _______
Creatinine _______
Pus (WBC) _______
Nitrites _______
Amino acids _______
Glucose _______
Albumin _______
Red Blood Cells _______
Urea _______
Water _______
Phosphate Ions _______
Sodium Ions _______
Indicate which of the following is (are) being described:
question 1 has 2 answers and question 4 also has 2 answers please answer angiotensisn II, aldosterone and/or ADH
1.increases blood pressure by direct vasoconstriction (2 ANSWERS)
2.stimulates insertion of aquaporins into the collecting duct (1 ANSWER)
3.increases the secretion of the other two (1 ANSWER)
4.acts on the principal cells of the nephron (2 ANSWERS)
5.increases Na+ reabsorption by the kidney (1 ANSWER)
6.has its production directly blocked by ACE inhibitors (1 ANSWER)
7.increases water reabsorption by acting on kidney collecting duct (1 ANSWER)
Chapter 17 Solutions
Visual Essentials of Anatomy &Physiology
Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 17.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 17.1 - Trace the pathway of blood flow through a kidney,...Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 1.1RCh. 17.1 - Prob. 1.2RCh. 17.1 - Prob. 1.3RCh. 17.1 - Prob. 2.1RCh. 17.1 - Prob. 2.2RCh. 17.1 - Prob. 2.3RCh. 17.1 - Prob. 3.1R
Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 3.2RCh. 17.1 - Prob. 3.3RCh. 17.1 - Prob. 1.1SRCh. 17.1 - Prob. 1.2SRCh. 17.1 - Prob. 1.3SRCh. 17.1 - Prob. 1.4SRCh. 17.1 - Prob. 1.5SRCh. 17.1 - Prob. 1.6SRCh. 17.1 - Short answer: Label the kidney structures in the...Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 1.8SRCh. 17.1 - Prob. 1.9SRCh. 17.1 - Prob. 1.10SRCh. 17.1 - Prob. 1.11SRCh. 17.1 - Prob. 1.12SRCh. 17.1 - Prob. 1.13SRCh. 17.1 - Prob. 2SRCh. 17.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 17.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 17.2 - Summarize the major steps involved in water...Ch. 17.2 - Compare and contrast chronic and acute renal...Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 1.1RCh. 17.2 - Prob. 1.2RCh. 17.2 - Prob. 1.3RCh. 17.2 - Prob. 2.1RCh. 17.2 - What effect does an increase in ADH levels have on...Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 2.3RCh. 17.2 - Prob. 3.1RCh. 17.2 - Prob. 3.2RCh. 17.2 - Prob. 3.3RCh. 17.2 - Prob. 4.1RCh. 17.2 - Prob. 4.2RCh. 17.2 - Prob. 4.3RCh. 17.2 - Prob. 1SRCh. 17.2 - Prob. 2.1SRCh. 17.2 - Prob. 2.2SRCh. 17.2 - Prob. 2.3SRCh. 17.2 - Prob. 2.4SRCh. 17.2 - Prob. 2.5SRCh. 17.2 - Prob. 2.6SRCh. 17.2 - Prob. 2.7SRCh. 17.2 - Prob. 2.8SRCh. 17.2 - Prob. 2.9SRCh. 17.2 - Prob. 2.10SRCh. 17.2 - List six substances that diffuse out of the blood...Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 3.2SRCh. 17.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 17.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 17.3 - Prob. 1.1RCh. 17.3 - Prob. 1.2RCh. 17.3 - Prob. 1.3RCh. 17.3 - Prob. 2.1RCh. 17.3 - Prob. 2.2RCh. 17.3 - Prob. 2.3RCh. 17.3 - Matching: Match each lettered term with the most...Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 1.2SRCh. 17.3 - Prob. 1.3SRCh. 17.3 - Prob. 1.4SRCh. 17.3 - Prob. 1.5SRCh. 17.3 - Prob. 1.6SRCh. 17.3 - Prob. 1.7SRCh. 17.3 - Prob. 1.8SRCh. 17.3 - Prob. 1.9SRCh. 17.3 - Prob. 1.10SRCh. 17.3 - Prob. 1.11SRCh. 17.3 - Prob. 2SRCh. 17.3 - Short answer: List four primary signs and symptoms...Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 4SRCh. 17.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 17.4 - Summarize the relationship between sodium and...Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 1.1RCh. 17.4 - Prob. 1.2RCh. 17.4 - Prob. 1.3RCh. 17.4 - Prob. 2.1RCh. 17.4 - Prob. 2.2RCh. 17.4 - Prob. 2.3RCh. 17.4 - Prob. 1.1SRCh. 17.4 - Prob. 1.2SRCh. 17.4 - Prob. 1.3SRCh. 17.4 - Prob. 1.4SRCh. 17.4 - Prob. 1.5SRCh. 17.4 - Prob. 1.6SRCh. 17.4 - Prob. 1.7SRCh. 17.4 - Prob. 1.8SRCh. 17.4 - Prob. 1.9SRCh. 17.4 - Prob. 1.10SRCh. 17.4 - Prob. 1.11SRCh. 17.4 - _____ Greatest contributor to the solid components...Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 1.13SRCh. 17.4 - Prob. 1.14SRCh. 17.4 - Prob. 2.1SRCh. 17.4 - Prob. 2.2SRCh. 17.4 - Prob. 2.3SRCh. 17.4 - Prob. 2.4SRCh. 17.4 - Prob. 2.5SRCh. 17.4 - Prob. 2.6SRCh. 17.4 - Prob. 3SRCh. 17.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 17.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 17.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 17.5 - Define acidemia and alkalemia.
Ch. 17.5 - Prob. 1.2RCh. 17.5 - Prob. 1.3RCh. 17.5 - Prob. 2.1RCh. 17.5 - Prob. 2.2RCh. 17.5 - Prob. 2.3RCh. 17.5 - Prob. 3.1RCh. 17.5 - Prob. 3.2RCh. 17.5 - Prob. 3.3RCh. 17.5 - Prob. 1SRCh. 17.5 - Prob. 2SRCh. 17 - Prob. 1CRQCh. 17 - Prob. 2CRQCh. 17 - Prob. 3CRQCh. 17 - Prob. 4CRQCh. 17 - Prob. 5CRQ
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- Which of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytesarrow_forwardA urinalysis reveals that the patients urine contains glucose, hemoglobin, and white blood cells (pus). Are any of these substances abnormal in urine? Explain.arrow_forwardThe result of renal autoregulation is(are): A. Minimize loss of water in urine after an increase of cardiac output B. Minimize decrease of ECF after an increase of cardiac output C. Minimize effect of increased systemic pressure on urine output OD. Minimize loss of sodium in urine after an increase of cardiac output OE. All of the abovearrow_forward
- The blood flow to the kidneys is transiently reduced during acute renal ischemia. How a decrease in blood flow to kidneys affects the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sodium absorption, and blood pressure. Describe how decreased blood flow is detected in the kidneys, and how it affects renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone secretion, sodium and fluid retention, and blood pressure.arrow_forwardDiuretics cause sodium excretion. Sodium follows water. Therefore, diuretics lead to a reduction in volume (remember BP = heart rate x volume x blood vessel tone (SVR)). Since diuretics lower volume, they lower BP. When would diuretics be indicated? When would they be contraindicated?arrow_forwardWhich of the following changes will occur as a result of elevated mean arterial blood pressure? Answers A - E A Increased resistance of the efferent arteriole B Decreased NaCl excretion C Docreased renin release D The macula densa will stimulate the juxtaglomerular cells E Increased aldosterone releasearrow_forward
- Describe the impact of Vasopressin (aka Antidiuretic hormone, or ADH) on urine concentration. Be able to clearly explain the hormone’s mechanism of action.arrow_forwardWhich one of the following statements is false?a. Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is greater than the osmotic pressure exerted by proteins in the plasma within the glomerular capillaries.b. If the osmotic pressure exerted by solutes in the peritubular capillaries is greater than the blood pressure in those capillaries, then water will be reabsorbed.c. Endothelial cells in glomerular capillaries are highly permeable, facilitating filtration of fluid into Bowman’s capsule.d. Constriction of the afferent arteriole is likely to reduce the volume of filtrate appearing in Bowman’s capsule.e. The efferent arteriole carries blood from the glomerular capillaries directly to the renal vein.0.5 pointsQuestion 2Your doctor calls with the results of your urinalysis and tells you that they found proteinuria, the presence of abnormal amounts of protein in your urine sample. What could have caused this?a. Infection and inflammation in the kidney.b. Abnormally high concentration of plasma…arrow_forwardExplain the role of renin-angiotensin - aldosterone pathway in restoring blood pressure and fluid balance. Include the stimulus for release, the pathway that is involved, and the physiological effects of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Answer should include: Identify stimulus/change that starts the pathway (i.e. Identify the direction of change IN BP or circulating fluid status) What happens in the juxtaglomerular cells? Clue: what stimulus causes the release of renin? Explain action of renin - what protein does it act on? What is it converted to? Which enzymes converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2? What are the actions of angiotensin 2? Clue: stimulates adrenal context to produce what? And what effect does angiotensin 2 have on blood vessels? What causes reabsorption of Na into blood ? What effect does this have on blood volume? How is BP restored ? Explain how this relates to equation for BP ( BP= CO x TPR)arrow_forward
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