Human Anatomy
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780135168059
Author: Marieb, Elaine Nicpon, Brady, Patricia, Mallatt, Jon
Publisher: Pearson Education, Inc.,
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Chapter 17, Problem 17RQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The pathway of different hormones from their glands of origin all the way to their target organs.
Introduction:
Endocrine glands secrete their chemicals that are also known as hormones directly in the blood. The secretions are then carried to their target sites. The pituitary gland is the master endocrine gland as it stimulates the secretion of other endocrine glands. The hypothalamus controls the secretion of the pituitary gland.
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1) Gross Anatomy and Basic Function of the Endocrine Glands
a)Both the endocrine and nervous systems are major regulating systems of the body; however, the nervous system has been compared to a text message, and the endocrine system to mailing a letter. Briefly explain this comparison.
b) Chemically, hormones belong chiefly to two molecular groups, the___ and the___
c) If hormones travel in the bloodstream, why don't all tissues respond to all hormones?
On a realistic drawing of the endocrine glands in the body (such as a photocopy of Figure 17.1), indicate the gland associated with (a) cretinism, (b) diabetes mellitus, (c) acromegaly, (d) secreting thyroid-stimulating hormone, (e) secreting a hormone that regulates the nightly activities of our circadian rhythms, (f) secreting estrogens, (g) secreting DHEA.
State what the different parts of the pituitary gland are called and how they differ. b) Explain the physiological significance of the portal system of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland c) What hormones are produced by different parts of the pituitary gland? Enter in the image below. What effects do these hormones have on the body? Give at least one example of a function for each hormone.
Chapter 17 Solutions
Human Anatomy
Ch. 17 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 17 - What are the three type of stimuli that regulate...Ch. 17 - How do tropic hormones secreted by the pituitary...Ch. 17 - Where are the hormones produced that are secreted...Ch. 17 - Name the target organ(s) for each pituitary...Ch. 17 - Prob. 6CYUCh. 17 - Prob. 7CYUCh. 17 - Prob. 8CYUCh. 17 - Prob. 9CYUCh. 17 - Prob. 10CYU
Ch. 17 - Prob. 11CYUCh. 17 - Addison's, Graves', and Cushing’s (sounds like a...Ch. 17 - The major stimulus for the release of estrogens is...Ch. 17 - Choose the correct hormone from the key for each...Ch. 17 - Identify the hormone that is secreted by the...Ch. 17 - Endocrine cells secrete either protein hormones or...Ch. 17 - Prob. 5RQCh. 17 - The divisions of the posterior pituitary are the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 7RQCh. 17 - Prob. 8RQCh. 17 - The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 10RQCh. 17 - Prob. 11RQCh. 17 - Prob. 12RQCh. 17 - Prob. 13RQCh. 17 - When Joshua explained to his classmate Jennifer...Ch. 17 - Prob. 15RQCh. 17 - Prob. 16RQCh. 17 - Prob. 17RQCh. 17 - Prob. 18RQCh. 17 - Prob. 19RQCh. 17 - Prob. 20RQCh. 17 - Prob. 1CRCAQCh. 17 - Prob. 2CRCAQCh. 17 - Prob. 3CRCAQCh. 17 - Prob. 4CRCAQCh. 17 - Prob. 5CRCAQCh. 17 - For what therapeutic purposes would pharmaceutical...Ch. 17 - Prob. 7CRCAQCh. 17 - Prob. 8CRCAQ
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- All of the following hormones are properly classified EXCEPT (use the table below for general characteristics) (A) thyroxin-arachidonic acid (B) thromboxanes-arachidonic acid derivatives (C) estrogen-steroid (cholesterol based) (D) growth hormone-small protein (< 200 amino acid) (E) norepinephrine- amino acid derivativearrow_forwardIdentify which of the following hormone categories are lipid-soluble: (a) reproductive hormones produced in the gonads, (b) adrenal cortex hormones, and (c) thyroid hormone.arrow_forwardConsider the communication between the hypothalamus, pituitary and various target organs when answering this question. For each condition discussed, state the change you would expect to find for each hormone/compound addressed - INCREASED, DECREASED, UNAFFECTED, CAN'T INTERPRET: A patient suffering from untreated Graves disease: A) TSH B) Calcitonin C) Thyroxine(T4/T3) D) TRH A patient suffering from untreated goiter: A) TSH B) Calcitonin C) Thyroxine(T4/T3) D) TRH A patient suffering from pituitary tumor secreting ACTH: A) CRH B) ACTH C) Cortisol D) Plasma potassium level Now, let's consider calcium metabolism and balance. For each condition discussed, state the change you would expect to find for hormone/calcium levels - INCREASED, DECREASED, UNAFFECTED, CAN'T INTERPRET: A patient with…arrow_forward
- a) How does the body's hormonal response to short-term stress differ from the body's hormonal response to long-term stress? In your answer, provide the names of the hormones released, the glands from which they are released, and the effects on the body. b) Provide 2 reasons (as discussed in class) why long-term stress is harmful to our physical health.arrow_forwardThe ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on a) the location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path O b) the membrane potential of the cells of the target organ c) the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organarrow_forwardFor each hormone pair below, explain how the two hormones are related. If they are antagonistic, explain the specific opposing functions. A) Calcitonin and Parathyroid hormone B) Oxytocin and Prolactin C) Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and Thyroxine (T4)arrow_forward
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a condition where individuals have a mutation in the 21 hydroxylase gene, so that the enzyme 21-hydroxylase is non functional. a)Which hormones would nit be produced in these individuals? b)What will happen to the amount of progesterone in the blood?arrow_forwardHormones travel through the general blood circulation to specific sites called target tissues or (1.) Effectors , where they produce a coordinated response of the target tissues. Thus, the term endocrine (en′dō-krin), derived from the Greek words (2). _________________, meaning within, and (3) ____________, to secrete, appropriately describes this system. Endocrine glands are not to be confused with exocrine glands. Exocrine glands have (4.) _____________ that carry their secretions to the outside of the body, or into a hollow organ, such as the stomach or intestines. Examples of exocrine secretions are saliva, sweat, breast milk, and digestive enzymes. The study of the endocrine system, known as 5. _____________________. Can someone answer the 2-5?arrow_forwardIn the 1950s, Earl W. Sutherland, Jr., and his colleagues carried out pioneering experiments to elucidate the mechanism of action ofepinephrine and glucagon. Given what you have learned in this chapter about hormone action, interpret each of the experiments described below. Identify substance X and indicate the significance of the results.(a) Addition of epinephrine to a homogenate of normal liver resulted in an increase in the activity of glycogen phosphorylase. However, when the homogenate was first centrifuged at a high speed and epinephrine or glucagon was added to the clear supernatant fraction that contains phosphorylase, no increase in the phosphorylase activity occurred.(b) When the particulate fraction from the centrifugation in (a) was treated with epinephrine, substance X was produced. The substance was isolated and purified. Unlike epinephrine, substance X activated glycogen phosphorylase when added to the clear supernatant fraction of the centrifuged homogenate.(c)…arrow_forward
- ACTH directly regulates the activity of which of the following endocrine organs illustrated in the photomicrographs? a. (A) b. (B) c. (C) d. (D) e. (E) f. (F)arrow_forwardTSH a tropic hormone/thyroid stimulating hormone A) What is its target organ (or organs)? B) What are the results of stimulation of the target organ by your chosen hormone? C) Include four other details about TSH hormonearrow_forwardOn a realistic drawing of the endocrine glands in the body, mark and label the endocrine organs that develop from the (a) roof of the embryonic mouth, (b) floor of the diencephalon, (c) endoderm on the floor of the pharynx, (d) endoderm of the pharyngeal pouches (two answers here), (e) neural crest of early sympathetic trunk ganglia.arrow_forward
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