Prescott's Microbiology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781260211887
Author: WILLEY, Sandman, Wood
Publisher: McGraw Hill
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Chapter 16.2, Problem 4CC
Describe how you would isolate a mutant that required histidine for growth and was resistant to penicillin. The wild type is a prototroph.
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 16.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply List three ways in which...Ch. 16.1 - Compare and contrast the means by which the...Ch. 16.1 - Give examples of intragenic and extragenic...Ch. 16.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Sometimes a point mutation...Ch. 16.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Why might a missense...Ch. 16.2 - How would you screen for a tryptophan auxotroph?...Ch. 16.2 - Why is a small amount of histidine added to the...Ch. 16.2 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Describe how replica...Ch. 16.2 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Why are mutant selection...Ch. 16.2 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Briefly discuss how...
Ch. 16.2 - Describe how you would isolate a mutant that...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 5CCCh. 16.3 - How is mismatch repair similar to DNA polymerase...Ch. 16.3 - How is damaged DNA recognized by the UvrAB...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 16.3 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What role does DNA...Ch. 16.3 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply When E. coli cells are...Ch. 16.3 - Explain how the following DNA alterations and...Ch. 16.4 - An antibiotic-resistance gene located on a...Ch. 16.4 - What four fates can DNA have after entering a...Ch. 16.4 - How does homologous recombination differ from...Ch. 16.5 - What features are common to all types of...Ch. 16.5 - How does a transposon differ from an insertion...Ch. 16.5 - What is simple (cut-and-paste) transposition? What...Ch. 16.5 - What effect would you expect the existence of...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 1MICh. 16.6 - What is bacterial conjugation and how was it...Ch. 16.6 - For F+, Hfr, and F strains of E. coli, indicate...Ch. 16.6 - Describe how F+ F and Hfr conjugation processes...Ch. 16.6 - Compare and contract F+ F and F F conjugation.Ch. 16.7 - According to this model, what would happen if DNA...Ch. 16.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 16.7 - Describe how transformation occurs in S....Ch. 16.7 - Discuss two ways in which artificial...Ch. 16.8 - Compare the number of transducing particles that...Ch. 16.8 - Why cant the gal and bio genes be transduced by...Ch. 16.8 - Describe generalized transduction and how it...Ch. 16.8 - What is specialized transduction and how does it...Ch. 16.8 - How might one tell whether horizontal gene...Ch. 16.8 - Why doesnt a cell lyse after successful...Ch. 16.8 - Describe how conjugation, transformation, and...Ch. 16.9 - As a replicative transposon, what would happen if...Ch. 16 - Prob. 1RCCh. 16 - Prob. 2RCCh. 16 - Prob. 3RCCh. 16 - Prob. 4RCCh. 16 - Prob. 5RCCh. 16 - Prob. 6RCCh. 16 - Mutations are often considered harmful. Give an...Ch. 16 - Mistakes made during transcription affect the cell...Ch. 16 - Suppose that transduction took place when a U-tube...Ch. 16 - Suppose that you carried out a U-tube experiment...Ch. 16 - Prob. 5ALCh. 16 - Prob. 6ALCh. 16 - Prob. 7AL
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- A plasmid, pUC18, contains the ampicillin-resistance gene, the origin of replication, and the ß - gal gene, which codes for the B-galactosidase protein. This protein can break down the synthetic chemical X-gal, producing a blue product that stains the entire cell blue (but is harmless to the bacteria). At the beginning of the B-gal gene there are several unique restriction sites (some of them are shown in the diagram below). You wish to clone a 1.0-kb Xbal fragment into the pUC18 plasmid, so you cut the plasmid with Xbal and, after removing the enzyme, mix the Xbal-cut plasmid with the 1.0-kb fragment, ligate, and transform competent bacteria. Pati Xbal EcoRI B-gal A Amp ori Figure: pUC18 plasmid map (a) On what medium would you grow your transformed bacteria? (b) Do you expect the bacteria carrying plasmid pUC18 (without the insert) to be blue or white when grown in the presence of X-gal? Explain.arrow_forwardIn producing genetically engineered human insulin in bacteria, why is it important to use the samerestriction enzyme to cut both the human DNA and the bacterial plasmid?arrow_forwardDuring the process of protein synthesis on a ribosome, when the large ribosomal subunit covalently attaches an amino acid to a growing polypeptide, what is the name of this newly formed covalent bond? the phosphodiester bond the peptide bond the aminoacyl bond the ether bond the glycosidic bond The ability of F+ cells, or Hfr cells, to transfer plasmid DNA to an F- cell is properly called: transversion transformation conjugation transduction transitionarrow_forward
- Consider three genes in E. coli: thr+, ara+, and leu+ (which give the cell the ability to synthesize threonine, arabinose, and leucine, respectively). All three of these genes are close together on the E. coli chromosome. Phages are grown in a thr+ ara+ leu+ strain of bacteria (the donor strain). The phage lysate is collected and used to infect a strain of bacteria that is thr− ara− leu −. The recipient bacteria are then tested on selective medium lacking leucine. Bacteria that grow and form colonies on this medium (leu+ transductants) are then replica-plated on medium lacking threonine and on medium lacking arabinose to see which are thr+ and which are ara+. Another group of the recipient bacteria are tested on medium lackingthreonine. Bacteria that grow and form colonies on this medium (thr+ transductants) are then replica-plated on medium lacking leucine and onto medium lacking arabinose to see which are ara+ and which are leu+. Results from these experiments are as follows:…arrow_forwarda) A plasmid DNA in bacteria has a length of 14,000 bp and an Lk of 1300. Calculate the superhelical density o for this plasmid. Show your work for partial credit, round to one digit after the decimal point. b) You use a Type II topoisomerase to change the linking number of this plasmid to 1310. How many turnovers must the topoisomerase perform? Is this resulting plasmid underwound or overwound?arrow_forwardNow that you’ve isolated the gene and made lots of copies, you need to insert the gene into something you can manipulate and move into your lab strain of E. coli. You have access to the following vectors, either pBR322 or pUC19 (look them up here to see a map https://www.neb.com/products/dna-plasmids-and-substrates Please note the restriction sites in BOLD appear only once in the plasmid). You may use either vector. What is a vector? Which vector did you choose? Explain why you made that choice. What enzyme(s) will you use to place your fragment into the vector? Explain why you chose these enzymes. How will you move this construct into coli? What phenotype will tell you if the coli have taken up the plasmid? What phenotype will tell you if the coli have taken up the plasmid with the gasP gene?arrow_forward
- A small section of Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene has the amino acid sequence valine, histidine, cysteine, and lysine. A mutation in the above section of the amino acid sequence resulted in the substitution of amino acid lysine with amino acid asparagine. The mutation in the antisense strand DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene described above involves Select one: a. the substitution of second adenine base from AAG b. the substitution of second thymine base from TTC c. the substitution of guanine base from AAG d. the substitution of cytosine base from TTCarrow_forwardDescribe the benefits of using bacteria, yeast, mammalian and insect cells to make recombinant protein. Explain why the B-galactosidase gene is made in two pieces with the a and 2 parts of the enzyme.arrow_forwardDraw a diagram/figure to explain the conjugation process (e.g. use PowerPoint or draw one by hand and include a photo of it). You should include in the diagram the F- recipient, Hfr Donor and the transconjugant/recombinant recipient. Make sure to include the genes encoding for Leucine, Threonine, Thiamine and Streptomycin resistance in your diagram. How does an Hfr strain of coli transfers chromosomal DNA to an F- strain? What determines how much of the chromosomal DNA is transferred?arrow_forward
- In your laboratory, you have an F − strain of E. coli that is resistant to streptomycin and is unable to metabolize lactose, but it can metabolize glucose. Therefore, this strain can grow on media that contain glucose and streptomycin, but it cannot grow on media containing only lactose. A researcher has sent you two E. coli strains in two separate tubes. One strain, let’s call it strain A, has an F factor that carries the genes that are required for lactose metabolism. On its chromosome, it also has the genes that are required for glucose metabolism. However, it is sensitive to streptomycin. This strain can grow on media containing lactose or glucose, but it cannot grow if streptomycin is added to the media. The second strain, let’s call it strain B, is an F − strain. On its chromosome, it has thegenes that are required for lactose and glucose metabolism. StrainB is also sensitive to streptomycin. Unfortunately, when strains A and B were sent to you, the labels had fallen off the…arrow_forward"In E. coli, where the replication fork travels at 500 nucleotide pairs per second, the DNA ahead of the fork-in the absence of topoisomerase-would have to rotate at nearly 3000 revolutions per minute" is true or false.arrow_forwardMouse genomic DNA is treated with a restriction endonuclease and electrophoresed in an agarose gel. A radioactive probe made from the human gene rxr-1 is used to perform a Southern blot. The experiment was repeated three times. Explain the results of these repeated experiments:arrow_forward
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