Prescott's Microbiology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781260211887
Author: WILLEY, Sandman, Wood
Publisher: McGraw Hill
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Chapter 16, Problem 4AL
Suppose that you carried out a U-tube experiment with two auxotrophs and discovered that recombination was not blocked by the filter but was stopped by treatment with deoxyribonuclease. What gene transfer process is responsible? Why would it be best to use double or triple auxotrophs in this experiment?
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Time mapping is performed in a cross involving the genes his, leu, mal, and xyl. The recipient cells were auxotrophic for all four genes. After 25 minutes, mating was interrupted with the following results in recipient cells. Diagram the positions of these genes relative to the origin (O) of the F factor and to one another. (a) 90% were xyl+ (b) 80% were mal+ (c) 20% were his+ (d) none were leu+
1) Complementation occurs when auxotrophic organisms provide a wildtype allele that another auxotroph is lacking to produce a needed molecule for a chemical pathway. The wt allele can be passed on through horizontal gene flow, or the interaction of the auxotrophs during reproduction produces an offspring with a 'rescued' phenotype due to independent assortment returning favorable recombination of function alleles. If a researcher interacts four auxotrophs, and mutant -1 complements mutants -2, -3, and -4, and mutant -2 complements mutants -3 and -4, and mutant -3 complements -4, how many genes are indicated?
a) Four genes!
b) One gene with four alleles!
c) Three genes with one allele.
d)A complementation chart was not provided so I cannot answer this question.
2)
An inheritance ratio of 12:3:4 is a sure indication of:
a) Incomplete assortment.
b) A dihybrid example of codominance.
c) Dominant epistasis.
d) Recessive epistasis.
If an E. coli auxotroph X could grow only on a medium containing leucine, and an auxotroph
Y could grow only on a medium containing threonine.
(i)
Write the genotype of both E. coli strains.
(ii)
How would you test whether DNA from X could transform Y?
Chapter 16 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 16.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply List three ways in which...Ch. 16.1 - Compare and contrast the means by which the...Ch. 16.1 - Give examples of intragenic and extragenic...Ch. 16.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Sometimes a point mutation...Ch. 16.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Why might a missense...Ch. 16.2 - How would you screen for a tryptophan auxotroph?...Ch. 16.2 - Why is a small amount of histidine added to the...Ch. 16.2 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Describe how replica...Ch. 16.2 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Why are mutant selection...Ch. 16.2 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Briefly discuss how...
Ch. 16.2 - Describe how you would isolate a mutant that...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 5CCCh. 16.3 - How is mismatch repair similar to DNA polymerase...Ch. 16.3 - How is damaged DNA recognized by the UvrAB...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 16.3 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What role does DNA...Ch. 16.3 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply When E. coli cells are...Ch. 16.3 - Explain how the following DNA alterations and...Ch. 16.4 - An antibiotic-resistance gene located on a...Ch. 16.4 - What four fates can DNA have after entering a...Ch. 16.4 - How does homologous recombination differ from...Ch. 16.5 - What features are common to all types of...Ch. 16.5 - How does a transposon differ from an insertion...Ch. 16.5 - What is simple (cut-and-paste) transposition? What...Ch. 16.5 - What effect would you expect the existence of...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 1MICh. 16.6 - What is bacterial conjugation and how was it...Ch. 16.6 - For F+, Hfr, and F strains of E. coli, indicate...Ch. 16.6 - Describe how F+ F and Hfr conjugation processes...Ch. 16.6 - Compare and contract F+ F and F F conjugation.Ch. 16.7 - According to this model, what would happen if DNA...Ch. 16.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 16.7 - Describe how transformation occurs in S....Ch. 16.7 - Discuss two ways in which artificial...Ch. 16.8 - Compare the number of transducing particles that...Ch. 16.8 - Why cant the gal and bio genes be transduced by...Ch. 16.8 - Describe generalized transduction and how it...Ch. 16.8 - What is specialized transduction and how does it...Ch. 16.8 - How might one tell whether horizontal gene...Ch. 16.8 - Why doesnt a cell lyse after successful...Ch. 16.8 - Describe how conjugation, transformation, and...Ch. 16.9 - As a replicative transposon, what would happen if...Ch. 16 - Prob. 1RCCh. 16 - Prob. 2RCCh. 16 - Prob. 3RCCh. 16 - Prob. 4RCCh. 16 - Prob. 5RCCh. 16 - Prob. 6RCCh. 16 - Mutations are often considered harmful. Give an...Ch. 16 - Mistakes made during transcription affect the cell...Ch. 16 - Suppose that transduction took place when a U-tube...Ch. 16 - Suppose that you carried out a U-tube experiment...Ch. 16 - Prob. 5ALCh. 16 - Prob. 6ALCh. 16 - Prob. 7AL
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The figure below shows the life cycle of the fungus Neurospora. The adult stage of the Neurospora is a multicellular haploid. b) Neurospora has an arginine amino acid synthesis pathway shown below. Suppose I take the strain above that only grows with arginine supplements and cross it to a different mutant Neurospora strain that grows with arginine and citrulline supplements but not with ornithine supplements. Assuming gens A, B, and C are unlinked and there is only one mutation per stain: What percentage of the progeny will grow on ornithine? What percentage on citrulline? What percentage on arginine?arrow_forwardHow is an auxotroph different from a prototroph?arrow_forwardPrototrophy is often the phenotype selected to detecttransformants. Prototrophic cells are used for donorDNA extraction; then this DNA is cloned and the clonesare added to an auxotrophic recipient culture. Successfultransformants are identified by plating the recipientculture on minimal medium and looking for colonies.What experimental design would you use to make surethat a colony that you hope is a transformant is not, infact,a. a prototrophic cell that has entered the recipientculture as a contaminant?b. a revertant (mutation back to prototrophy by a secondmutation in the originally mutated gene) of theauxotrophic mutation?arrow_forward
- You identify an auxotroph that doesn't grow in normal medium, but does grow in medium supplemented with Q, indicating that it has a defect in one or more enzymes in this pathway. This auxotroph is also able to grow if you supplement the medium with D. Does this data support the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis? a yes, because only one enzyme is disrupted by the mutation b yes, because only one enzyme in the pathway is functional in the mutant strain c no, because multiple enzymes in the pathway could be functional in the mutant strain d no, because multiple enzymes could be disrupted by the mutationarrow_forwardExplain how the analysis of arginine auxotrophs implied that a single gene corresponds to a single enzyme.arrow_forwardWhat is “translocation”? Why it is essential for plants.arrow_forward
- A group of genetics students mix two auxotrophic strains of bacteria: one is leu+ trp+ his− met− and the other is leu− trp− his+ met+. After mixing the two strains, they plate the bacteria on minimal medium and observe a few prototrophic colonies (leu+ trp+ his+ met+). They assume that some gene transfer has taken place between the two strains. How can they determine whether the transfer of genes is due to conjugation, transduction, or transformation?arrow_forwardThree haploid fungal mutants that require compound W for growth were isolated. Each mutant contains a recessive allele in a single gene. Three compounds (A, B and C) in the biosynthetic pathway to W are known, but their order in the pathway is unknown. Each compound is tested for its ability to support the growth of each of the three mutants. Phenotypes of all of the three mutants are shown in the following table (“+" indicates growth, "-" indicates no growth). A C W Mutant 1 Mutant 2 Mutant 3 What would be the phenotype of a haploid mutant that contains both mutant alleles in mutant 2 and 3? Phenotype refers to growth or absence of growth on compounds A, B, C and WN. O Like mutant 1 O Like mutant 2 Like mutant 3 O Like wild typearrow_forwardIn this activity you will analyze the results of experiments that investigate nutritional requirement of several mutant strains of yeast. The mutations in these strains cause a nutritional requirement for an amino acid, such that the strains will not grow in media that lack one specific amino acid. Any mutant that has a nutritional requirement is called an auxotroph, and is incapable of growing in a "minimal medium" containing only a carbon source (e.g., glucose), a simple nitrogen source (e.g., ammonium sulfate), and various salts and minerals. Such strains can be supported on a medium supplemented with only the missing nutrient or on a "rich" medium that contains amino acids, vitamins, nitrogenous bases, etc. (often in the form of an extract from yeast). The wild-type individual that can synthesize the metabolic component is a prototroph, and is capable of growth on minimal medium. The mutant strains in this activity are unable to synthesize tryptophan, lysine, or histidine; one…arrow_forward
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