Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 16.2, Problem 3TC
Summary Introduction
To determine: The way by which the given plot changes if the initial frequency of the allele B was 0.7 instead of 0.5.
Introduction: Genes are the units of heredity that carries coded genetic information in the form of
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Why is the variance larger for a BC1 population compared to an F1 population?
Below is a table of allele frequencies.
Locus 1
Freq(116) = 0.3
Freq(120) = 0.4
Freq(124) = 0.3
Locus 2
Freq(88) = 0.6
Freq(92) = 0.4
Locus 3
Freq(180) = 0.1
Freq(183) = 0.5
Freq(186) = 0.4
You find a sample that has the following genotype:
Locus 1: 116/124
Locus 2: 88/92
Locus 3: 186/186
What is the probability of getting a match to this sample by random chance? (Round your answer to 3 significant digits.)
Using the observed counts for each genotype, how do you find the expected values with those numbers and the frequencies?
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 16.1 - define evolution in terms of concepts from...Ch. 16.1 - define equilibrium population and describe the...Ch. 16.2 - If it were true that mutations do occur in...Ch. 16.2 - Explain how the distribution of genotypes in...Ch. 16.2 - A flu vaccination stimulates your immune system to...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 3TCCh. 16.2 - If a population grows large again after a...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 5TCCh. 16.2 - Evolution of a Menace The mutant alleles that...Ch. 16.2 - describe how mutation, gene flow, genetic drift,...
Ch. 16.3 - A team of phys clans treated four patients with...Ch. 16.3 - If we studied a population of bighorn sheep and...Ch. 16.3 - When selection is directional, is there any limit...Ch. 16.3 - describe why selection of phenotypes can affect...Ch. 16.3 - explain how competition and predation influence...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 16.3 - compare and contrast directional selection,...Ch. 16.3 - Microbiologists have discovered that alleles...Ch. 16 - The alleles responsible for antibiotic resistance...Ch. 16 - Stabilizing selection on a trait tends to a. make...Ch. 16 - An adaptation is a. any trait that arises from a...Ch. 16 - Which of the following statements about mutations...Ch. 16 - Genetic drift occurs a. when different phenotypes...Ch. 16 - The ______ provides a simple mathematical model...Ch. 16 - Different versions of the same gene are called...Ch. 16 - An organisms ______ refers to the specific alleles...Ch. 16 - A random form of evolution is called ________....Ch. 16 - Competition is most Intense between members of...Ch. 16 - The evolutionary fitness of an organism is...Ch. 16 - What is a gene pool? How would you determine the...Ch. 16 - Define equilibrium population. Outline the...Ch. 16 - How does population size affect the likelihood of...Ch. 16 - If you measured the allele frequencies of a gene...Ch. 16 - People like to say that you cant prove a negative....Ch. 16 - Describe the three ways in which natural selection...Ch. 16 - What is sexual selection? How is sexual selection...Ch. 16 - In North America, the average height of adult...Ch. 16 - By the 1940s, the whooping crane population had...
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- What is the frequency of the heterozygous genotype if the homozygous genotype frequencies are 0.1385 (BB) and 0.5897 (bb)?arrow_forwardWhat could be the genotypic and phenotypic ratios for a typical mendelian trait showed in the picture?arrow_forwardIn your F2 light treatment vial, you observe the following data: 5 white-eyed males, 18 wild-type males, 7 white-eyed females, and 10 wild-type females. What is the white-eyed allele frequency in this generation? Leave your answer as a decimal. Give the explanation also.arrow_forward
- What is the expected total time of the coalescent (TC) for a sample of 3 alleles? If there were 5 generations per year and an N of 100, what would be the (TC) in years?arrow_forwardHow is the number of individuals in the “Expected” column for each phenotype of the Chi-squared table calculated?arrow_forwardAssuming there are only two alleles at a given locus, if the frequency of one allele is 0.3, what is the frequency of the other allele?arrow_forward
- If the chi-square value came out to 14,224.221 and the p-value was said to be less than 0.01, what do you conclude about whether these traits follow a simple Mendelian inheritance pattern? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardConsider a Hardy-Weinburg Equilibrium population with an autosomal locus of 2 alleles, A1 and A2. If P(A1A2) = 8 * P(A1A1), what are the allele frequencies at the locus?arrow_forwardThere are two types of alleles: Type B1 and Type B2 (In total there are 10) Type B1 has 6 Type B2 has 4 Question: What is the probability of an individual in the offspring generation being homozygous [p^2] for B1? What is the probability of an individual in the offspring generation being homozygous [q^2] for B2? What is the probability of an individual in the offspring gen being heterozygous[2pq]?arrow_forward
- Butterflies show 3 phenotypes due to incomplete dominance at the D locus with alleles DY and DB giving green phenotype in heterozygotes and yellow and blue in homozygotes. a) A population of butterflies showed 49% yellow, and 51% blue and green. What percentage of the gametes for the next generation would contain the DB allele? b) In another population only 1% of the butterflies are blue, what is the DY allele frequency? c) If the butterflies were subject to predation by birds that could easily detect blue & yellow individuals what effect would you expect this to have on the genotype and allele frequencies over time? Indicate possible percentages.arrow_forwardThe gel image below shows 7 alleles, let's call them 1-7 in order of size, with 1 being the largest and 7 being the smallest. In this sample of 11 individuals, what percentage of individuals have allele 7? Please type your answer as a number, rounded to the nearest whole percentage, just type the number, not the symbol. Answer: In the gel image below 0 percent of individuals have allele 7. Photograph of UV illuminated 1% agarose TBE gel run for 40 minutes at 120 V, showing the result of PCR from a variable number tandem repeat region in 11 different individuals (A-K) ... A B C DE F G H IJK 2000| 1650 1000 850 600 500 Кey: Lane 1: DNA ladder, see image for fragment sizes (bp). Lanes 2-13: PCR products from the same variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) autosomal region of DNA from 11 different individuals (A-K).arrow_forwardRemember from the lecture that we can create a short tandem repeat (STR) profile, which identifies the two alleles that are present at each locus in a series of loci. For our forensic purposes, we might be interested in the frequencies of particular pairs of alleles at a given locus. Here, we consider a locus called VWA, for which we provide a list of allele frequencies: Allele 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Frequency 0.002 0.094 0.111 0.2 0.281 0.2 0.104 0.005 0.003 (a) Suppose that saliva was recovered at a crime scene and the genotype VWA(13,15) was identified from this. A suspect was apprehended who matched this genotype. Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the evidential value of this match? (round your answer to three decimal places) (b) How many possible heterozygous genotypes are there for locus VWA, that could be made up of the alleles listed in the table?arrow_forward
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