Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 3FIB
An organism’s ______ refers to the specific alleles found within its chromosomes, while the traits that these alleles produce are called its ______. Which of these does natural selection act on? ______
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Students have asked these similar questions
In order for evolution to occur via natural selection on a particular trait, which of the following must be present for that trait? Which out of the 4 answers below is correct? Only 1 answer is correct
Variation, mutations, fitness consequences
Variation, fitness consequences, mode of inheritance
Genetic recombination, variation, mutations
Mutations, fitness consequences, mode of inheritance
Which of the following changes or mutations can be acted upon by natural selection? For each
choice, select yes or no.
UV radiation induces a mutation in skin cells,
[ Choose ]
causing uncontrolled cell growth
Long-term exposure to toxic aerosols in
cigarette smoke causes mutations in the cells
[ Choose ]
lining the lungs
Eugene residents develop an increase in red
blood cell count while backpacking in the
Cascade mountain range
[ Choose ]
Excessive exposure to X-ray radiation
induces mutations in the sperm cells of some
[ Choose ]
hospital workers
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>
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Which of the following BEST describes the theory of natural selection?
Living organisms change over time.
Each species produces many more offspring than can survive long enough to reproduce. The offspring that do survive contain genes that are inherited from the parents.
There is variation among the members of a species. Some of this variation is genetically determined and so can be passed on to future generations.
Some individuals have genes that increase their chances for survival and reproduction. These individuals are more likely to reproduce and pass on their genes, causing their genes to become more common in the next generation.
There is a struggle for existence among the members of a population.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 16.1 - define evolution in terms of concepts from...Ch. 16.1 - define equilibrium population and describe the...Ch. 16.2 - If it were true that mutations do occur in...Ch. 16.2 - Explain how the distribution of genotypes in...Ch. 16.2 - A flu vaccination stimulates your immune system to...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 3TCCh. 16.2 - If a population grows large again after a...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 5TCCh. 16.2 - Evolution of a Menace The mutant alleles that...Ch. 16.2 - describe how mutation, gene flow, genetic drift,...
Ch. 16.3 - A team of phys clans treated four patients with...Ch. 16.3 - If we studied a population of bighorn sheep and...Ch. 16.3 - When selection is directional, is there any limit...Ch. 16.3 - describe why selection of phenotypes can affect...Ch. 16.3 - explain how competition and predation influence...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 16.3 - compare and contrast directional selection,...Ch. 16.3 - Microbiologists have discovered that alleles...Ch. 16 - The alleles responsible for antibiotic resistance...Ch. 16 - Stabilizing selection on a trait tends to a. make...Ch. 16 - An adaptation is a. any trait that arises from a...Ch. 16 - Which of the following statements about mutations...Ch. 16 - Genetic drift occurs a. when different phenotypes...Ch. 16 - The ______ provides a simple mathematical model...Ch. 16 - Different versions of the same gene are called...Ch. 16 - An organisms ______ refers to the specific alleles...Ch. 16 - A random form of evolution is called ________....Ch. 16 - Competition is most Intense between members of...Ch. 16 - The evolutionary fitness of an organism is...Ch. 16 - What is a gene pool? How would you determine the...Ch. 16 - Define equilibrium population. Outline the...Ch. 16 - How does population size affect the likelihood of...Ch. 16 - If you measured the allele frequencies of a gene...Ch. 16 - People like to say that you cant prove a negative....Ch. 16 - Describe the three ways in which natural selection...Ch. 16 - What is sexual selection? How is sexual selection...Ch. 16 - In North America, the average height of adult...Ch. 16 - By the 1940s, the whooping crane population had...
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- Explain how these drawings illustrate an example of natural selection. Include the term "adaptive heritable trait" in your answer. A deer comes to eat. | A few weeks later the right-hand cactus has flowers. This figure shows the situation a few months later.arrow_forwardA farmer uses DDT to kill insects in his field. The first year nearly all of the insects were killed. By the fourth year, however, nearly all of the insects survived the DDT treatment. Explain the process of natural selection in this population of insects. Include these words - mutation, phenotype, variation, resistance, adaptation, and differential survival.arrow_forwardFour of the five factors below support the mechanism of natural selection. In contrast, the fifth factor blocks natural selection from occurring. Which one of the factors listed below does NOT lead to natural selection, but instead stops it from occurring? O Characteristics are inherited - passed from parent to offspring. O Organisms in a population are identical to each other. O There is competition among organisms in a population. O More offspring are born than can survive. O Organisms in a population vary in characteristics that affect how well they survive and reproduce. o o oOarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is NOT an observation or inference on which natural selection is based? Group of answer choices Only a fraction of an individual’s offspring may survive. Species produce more offspring than the environment can support. There is heritable variation among individuals. Modifications of an organism acquires during its lifetime can be passed to its offspring.arrow_forwardFor this natural selection story, focus on just ONE GENETIC TRAIT that has two alleles. This is a make-believe story but the story line should sound plausible. Do not involve humans in any way. Once upon a time there was a population of polar bears. Most of the polar bears had/were_(a)___ but a small proportion of the population had/were__(b) ___ Over many generations, the proportion of bears expressing the rare allele became more common through natural selection. What was going on within this population to cause this shift? ___(c)_(very brief is great!) Note: do NOT mention whether the alleles are dominant/recessive nor about individuals being homozygous etc. We are looking at the big picture population-level patterns only.arrow_forwardGenetic variation is the product of completely random events, but acting upon this randomness is a very nonrandom process called natural selection. Explain or give an example.arrow_forward
- The process by which inherited characteristics of populations change over time is called_______ . Variability among individuals is the result of chance changes called_________ that occur in the hereditary molecule ________.arrow_forwardEach of the following is necessary for natural selection to occur EXCEPT: there is inheritable variation among members of the population. more offspring are born than can survive. organisms must change their anatomy (body structures) during their lifetimearrow_forwardWhich the following statements about Darwin's theory of natural selection is true? O In order to reproduce more successfully, an individual must evolve so that it adapts to its environment. The natural environment consistently causes variation of certain traits in the population. O Individuals with inherited traits that are better suited to the local environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than less well-suited individuals. Natural selection, by its cumulative effects over long periods of time, could have caused random changes in ancestral species, thus giving rise to two or more descendant species.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT one of the three features of evolution by natural selection? Offspring tend to resemble their parents because of heredity. O Individuals in populations show variation in their phenotypes. Organisms can induce the phenotypic changes they need to survive and reproduce in a given environment. O Some individuals survive and reproduce better than others, because of their phenotypes.arrow_forwardWhich statement accurately complete the following sentence: “If selection favors a new allele within a population, over time that allele should increase in frequency, however, genetic drift..” Correct Answer - can weaken selection, which occurs to a higher degree in smaller populations compared to larger populations. Incorrect Answer - will increase and strengthen selection on the allele and cause the allele to go to fixation faster. Question: Please explain in detail why the correct answer is correct and please also explain why the incorrect answer is not correct.arrow_forwardA random form of evolution is called_________ . This form of evolution ccurs more rapidly and has a greater effect in populations that are ___________ . Two important causes of this form of evolution are_______ and_________. Which of these would apply to a population started by a breeding pair that was stranded on an island?arrow_forward
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Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY