Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 46RA
Use figure 16.34 to answer the following questions:
Blood at a pH of 7 .20 has what percent oxyhemoglobin saturation at a
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 16 - Describe the structures involved in gas exchange...Ch. 16 - Prob. 1bCPCh. 16 - Describe how each lung is compartmentalized by the...Ch. 16 - Describe the changes in the intrapulmonary and...Ch. 16 - Explain how the compliance and elasticity of the...Ch. 16 - Describe pulmonary surfactant and discuss its...Ch. 16 - Describe the actions of the diaphragm and external...Ch. 16 - Explain how forced inspiration and forced...Ch. 16 - Define the terms tidal volume and vital capacity....Ch. 16 - How are the vital capacity and the forced...
Ch. 16 - Explain how the of air is calculated and how this...Ch. 16 - Explain how blood measurements are taken, and...Ch. 16 - Explain how the arterial and the oxygen content...Ch. 16 - Describe the ventilation/perfusion ratios of the...Ch. 16 - Explain how decompression sickness is produced in...Ch. 16 - Describe the roles of centers in the brain stem...Ch. 16 - Describe the effects of voluntary hyperventilation...Ch. 16 - Using a flowchart to show a negative feedback...Ch. 16 - Prob. 10bCPCh. 16 - Prob. 10cCPCh. 16 - Use a graph to illustrate the effects of Po2 on...Ch. 16 - Draw an oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve and label...Ch. 16 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 16 - Prob. 12bCPCh. 16 - List the ways in which carbon dioxide is carried...Ch. 16 - Where in the body does the chloride shift occur?...Ch. 16 - Where in the body does a reverse chloride shift...Ch. 16 - Using equations, show how carbonic acid and...Ch. 16 - Prob. 15aCPCh. 16 - Prob. 15bCPCh. 16 - Prob. 15cCPCh. 16 - Prob. 15dCPCh. 16 - Explain why a person with ketoacidosis...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16aCPCh. 16 - Explain why endurance-trained athletes have a...Ch. 16 - Prob. 17CPCh. 16 - Prob. 1RACh. 16 - Prob. 2RACh. 16 - The maximum amount of air that can be expired...Ch. 16 - Prob. 4RACh. 16 - Prob. 5RACh. 16 - Which of these would be most affected by a...Ch. 16 - Prob. 7RACh. 16 - Prob. 8RACh. 16 - The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is decreased...Ch. 16 - Prob. 10RACh. 16 - The bicarbonate concentration or the blood would...Ch. 16 - Prob. 12RACh. 16 - Prob. 13RACh. 16 - Which of these occur(s) during hypoxemia?...Ch. 16 - During exercise, which of these statements is...Ch. 16 - All of the following can bond with hemoglobin...Ch. 16 - Prob. 17RACh. 16 - The hypoxic ventilatory response occurs when low...Ch. 16 - Using a flow diagram to show cause and effect,...Ch. 16 - Radiographic (x-ray) pictures show that the rib...Ch. 16 - Explain, using a flowchart, how a rise in blood ...Ch. 16 - Explain why a person with ketoacidosis may...Ch. 16 - Prob. 23RACh. 16 - Explain how measurements of blood Pco2,...Ch. 16 - Describe the changes in ventilation that occur...Ch. 16 - Prob. 26RACh. 16 - Describe how ventilation changes when a person...Ch. 16 - Explain the physiological changes in the blood's...Ch. 16 - Compare asthma and emphysema in terms of their...Ch. 16 - Explain the mechanisms involved in quiet...Ch. 16 - Describe the formation, composition, and function...Ch. 16 - Prob. 32RACh. 16 - The nature of the sounds produced by percussion...Ch. 16 - Explain why the fast breath of a healthy neonate...Ch. 16 - Prob. 35RACh. 16 - Carbon monoxide poisoning from smoke inhalation...Ch. 16 - Prob. 37RACh. 16 - Explain how a subatmospheric intrapleural pressure...Ch. 16 - Prob. 39RACh. 16 - You cannot affect the oxygen delivery to your...Ch. 16 - Refer to figure 16.19 and calculate the Po2 of the...Ch. 16 - Refer to figure 16.19 and calculate the of the...Ch. 16 - Refer to figure 16.19 and calculate the Po2 of the...Ch. 16 - Use figure 16.34 to answer the following...Ch. 16 - Prob. 45RACh. 16 - Use figure 16.34 to answer the following...Ch. 16 - Prob. 47RA
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- Explain what a partial pressure gradient is and how such gradients figure in gas exchange.arrow_forwardMake a list of the different physiological equations: Equation to calculate CaO2 (content of oxygen in arterial blood) and assume 100% saturation and no oxygen diffused in solution; all is carried by hemoglobin (what is the hemoglobin binding constant?) =arrow_forwardGiven the following values, use the absorbance formula to find the hemoglobin concentration of the unknown. As =0.600Au =0.300Cs =20g/dlarrow_forward
- What effect does hyperventilation have on blood pH and why? What simple measure can be used to correct the pH imbalance and how does it work? What effect would hyperventilation have on hemoglobin O2 saturation in a normal healthy individual? What effect would a PaO2 of 60 mmHg have on hemoglobin O2 saturation and why? (explain in terms of the O2-Hb dissociation curve)arrow_forwardThe arterial O₂ concentration is given by the following expression [0₂] = 0.003 P0₂ + (PO₂)².8 +(26) 2.8 1. ЗЧНЬ (Рог ) 2-8 Where Poz is the alveolar O₂ pressure and Hb is the hemoglobin concentration in g/dL, respectively A subject who is at 0-95 ATM (211-0₂) has an arterial O₂ concentration of 19ml/dL and and arterial CO₂ pressure of 38mm Hg. Also, VO₂ = 340mL/min.; VCD₂ = 289 mL/min. Therefore, your hemoglobine level is: A. 14.39 Idl 8. 14.8 g/dl C. 15.2 g/dl D. 15.7g/dL E. 16 g/dLarrow_forwardCalculate the pH of a blood plasma sample with a total CO₂ concentration of 25.7 mM and bicarbonate concentration of 24.4 mM. The relevant pK, of carbonic acid is 6.1. Enter the answer with three significant figures. pH =arrow_forward
- Use the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to determine hemoglobin saturation/O2 content at various pO2 and/or pH levels.arrow_forwardWhat is the effect of pH on the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin (the Bohr Effect)? What happens to the percent saturation as a function of pO2 graph as a result of pH change (include graph)? Why is there a pH difference in tissues versus the lungs? Briefly describe how the Bohr Effect contributes to oxygen transport to the tissues.arrow_forwardSuppose Gina climbs a high mountain where the oxygen partial pressure in the air decreases to 70 torr. Assume that the pH of her tissues and lungs is 7.4 and the oxygen concentration in her tissues is 20 torr. The P50 of hemoglobin is 26 torr. The degree of cooperativity of hemoglobin, n, is 2.8. Estimate the percentage of the oxygen-carrying capacity that she utilizes. Calculate your answer to one decimal place. сараcity: %arrow_forward
- Below is a fractional saturation curve for O₂ binding to adult hemoglobin. Assume that curve Y represents a condition at pH 7.4 and with a normal physiological level of 2,3-BPG. Curve X represents a condition that Fractional saturation (0) 0.2 0.0 0 Tissue PO, (kPa) 12 Lungsarrow_forwardMake a list of the different physiological equations: Fick equation for oxygen diffusion = Simple estimation for heart rate max = Equation to convert absolute VO2 (Liters of O2/min) to relative VO2 (ml/kg/min) =arrow_forwardBelow are multiple oxygen binding affinity curves for hemoglobin. The affinity curve for normal hemoglobin in blood is represented by curve "D," at a pH of 7.2 and at a concentration of 5mM BPG and 26 mM CO2. O₂ saturation (%) 100 Answer 1: B Answer 2: [Select] Answer 3: B Answer 4: 80 A 60 1. How would changes to acidity, BPG concentration and CO₂ levels affect the binding affinity curve and p50? lower than Answer 5: E 40 1. BPG concentration is decreased to 3mM: The binding affinity curve would look like B. The p50 would be lower than normal (D). 2. pH is increased to 7.6: The binding affinity curve would look like B. The p50 would be [Select] normal (D). 20 3. CO₂ concentration is increased to 30 mM: The binding affinity curve would look like. [Select] The p50 would be Answer 6: 0 normal (D). II. The hemoglobin has been treated with a denaturing solution which disrupts quaternary structure only, and has a binding affinity resembling myoglobin. The binding affinity curve would look…arrow_forward
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