Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 13bCP
Where in the body does the chloride shift occur? Describe the steps involved in the chloride shift.
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Define chloride shift
Identify both the primary disturbance and degree of compensation for these three arterial blood gas readings: (a) pH = 7.20 (b) pH = 7.20 (c) pH = 7.36 Paco2 = 50 mm Hg Paco2 = 50 mm Hg Paco2 = 50 mm Hg [HCO3-] = 24 mEq/L [HCO3-] = 29 mEq/L [HCO3-] = 30 mEq/L
Regarding central chemoreceptors, if H+ ions are unable to cross the blood-brain barrier, how does the brain detect a change in the body's pH?
Chapter 16 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 16 - Describe the structures involved in gas exchange...Ch. 16 - Prob. 1bCPCh. 16 - Describe how each lung is compartmentalized by the...Ch. 16 - Describe the changes in the intrapulmonary and...Ch. 16 - Explain how the compliance and elasticity of the...Ch. 16 - Describe pulmonary surfactant and discuss its...Ch. 16 - Describe the actions of the diaphragm and external...Ch. 16 - Explain how forced inspiration and forced...Ch. 16 - Define the terms tidal volume and vital capacity....Ch. 16 - How are the vital capacity and the forced...
Ch. 16 - Explain how the of air is calculated and how this...Ch. 16 - Explain how blood measurements are taken, and...Ch. 16 - Explain how the arterial and the oxygen content...Ch. 16 - Describe the ventilation/perfusion ratios of the...Ch. 16 - Explain how decompression sickness is produced in...Ch. 16 - Describe the roles of centers in the brain stem...Ch. 16 - Describe the effects of voluntary hyperventilation...Ch. 16 - Using a flowchart to show a negative feedback...Ch. 16 - Prob. 10bCPCh. 16 - Prob. 10cCPCh. 16 - Use a graph to illustrate the effects of Po2 on...Ch. 16 - Draw an oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve and label...Ch. 16 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 16 - Prob. 12bCPCh. 16 - List the ways in which carbon dioxide is carried...Ch. 16 - Where in the body does the chloride shift occur?...Ch. 16 - Where in the body does a reverse chloride shift...Ch. 16 - Using equations, show how carbonic acid and...Ch. 16 - Prob. 15aCPCh. 16 - Prob. 15bCPCh. 16 - Prob. 15cCPCh. 16 - Prob. 15dCPCh. 16 - Explain why a person with ketoacidosis...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16aCPCh. 16 - Explain why endurance-trained athletes have a...Ch. 16 - Prob. 17CPCh. 16 - Prob. 1RACh. 16 - Prob. 2RACh. 16 - The maximum amount of air that can be expired...Ch. 16 - Prob. 4RACh. 16 - Prob. 5RACh. 16 - Which of these would be most affected by a...Ch. 16 - Prob. 7RACh. 16 - Prob. 8RACh. 16 - The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is decreased...Ch. 16 - Prob. 10RACh. 16 - The bicarbonate concentration or the blood would...Ch. 16 - Prob. 12RACh. 16 - Prob. 13RACh. 16 - Which of these occur(s) during hypoxemia?...Ch. 16 - During exercise, which of these statements is...Ch. 16 - All of the following can bond with hemoglobin...Ch. 16 - Prob. 17RACh. 16 - The hypoxic ventilatory response occurs when low...Ch. 16 - Using a flow diagram to show cause and effect,...Ch. 16 - Radiographic (x-ray) pictures show that the rib...Ch. 16 - Explain, using a flowchart, how a rise in blood ...Ch. 16 - Explain why a person with ketoacidosis may...Ch. 16 - Prob. 23RACh. 16 - Explain how measurements of blood Pco2,...Ch. 16 - Describe the changes in ventilation that occur...Ch. 16 - Prob. 26RACh. 16 - Describe how ventilation changes when a person...Ch. 16 - Explain the physiological changes in the blood's...Ch. 16 - Compare asthma and emphysema in terms of their...Ch. 16 - Explain the mechanisms involved in quiet...Ch. 16 - Describe the formation, composition, and function...Ch. 16 - Prob. 32RACh. 16 - The nature of the sounds produced by percussion...Ch. 16 - Explain why the fast breath of a healthy neonate...Ch. 16 - Prob. 35RACh. 16 - Carbon monoxide poisoning from smoke inhalation...Ch. 16 - Prob. 37RACh. 16 - Explain how a subatmospheric intrapleural pressure...Ch. 16 - Prob. 39RACh. 16 - You cannot affect the oxygen delivery to your...Ch. 16 - Refer to figure 16.19 and calculate the Po2 of the...Ch. 16 - Refer to figure 16.19 and calculate the of the...Ch. 16 - Refer to figure 16.19 and calculate the Po2 of the...Ch. 16 - Use figure 16.34 to answer the following...Ch. 16 - Prob. 45RACh. 16 - Use figure 16.34 to answer the following...Ch. 16 - Prob. 47RA
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- What can cause a sudden decrease in oxygen saturation?arrow_forwardWhat is the mechanism of breathing and the internal/external respiration of Respiratory Acidosis?arrow_forwardhow does the process of exhalation influence the pH of blood, considering the role of carbon dioxide (CO2) removal in regulating acid-base balance? Discuss the physiological mechanisms involved in maintaining blood pH during exhalation, including the role of respiratory control centers and the relationship between CO2 levels, bicarbonate, (HCO3-), carbonic acid (H2CO3) formation, and pH changes in the bloodstreamarrow_forward
- What is the difference between a respiratory acid-base disturbance and a metabolic acid-base disturbance?arrow_forwardHow does the chloride shift affect oxygen exchange?arrow_forwardWhat effect would hyperventilation (rapid breathing) have on the concentration of oxyhemoglobin in the bloodstream?arrow_forward
- An injured soccer player arrives by ambulance in the emergency room. She is in obvious distress, breathing rapidly. Her blood PCO2 is 26 mm Hg and pH is 7.5. Is she suffering from hyperventilation or hyperpnea? Explain.arrow_forwardIn an elderly person with respiratory acidosis due tochronic respiratory congestion, why would decreasedkidney function be so dangerous?arrow_forwardWhat physiologic compensations are available forchronic hypoxia due to respiratory impairmentand for chronic hypercapnia?arrow_forward
- what is the mechanism by which breathing contributes to the body's control of blood pH? Which set of chemoreceptors are primarily involved?arrow_forwardduring sleeping pill overdose which organ will play a role in compensating for respiratory acidosis? Thank youarrow_forwardHow would carbon dioxide loading/oxygen unloading at systemic tissues be affected if a person was exposed to a chemical that blocked the action of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase? Explain why.arrow_forward
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