Chapter 16, Problem 35RA

Summary Introduction

To review:

The following:

1. The effects of nicotine from the cigarette smoke on pulmonary function tests.

2. The changes in pulmonary function tests when the smoking has led to emphysema.

Introduction:

The emphysema is a lung disorder where the alveolar tissues are damaged. The bronchioles remain open during the expiration and it produces difficulty in the breathing process. The pulmonary function tests are used to diagnose the rate of breathing, or the volume of lungs by the spirometer readings.