The Cosmic Perspective (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134874364
Author: Jeffrey O. Bennett, Megan O. Donahue, Nicholas Schneider, Mark Voit
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 40EAP
To determine
To Discuss: The comparison between birth of a star and a living being.
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a) Why don’t stars live forever? Which stars live the longest? b) What is the importance of 1.4 solar masses in stellar evolution?
A star's Zero Age Main Sequence (ZAMS) radius R, luminosity L, and effective temperature
Teff depend primarily on the star's mass. These parameters do evolve somewhat over
time, however, while the star still remains on the main sequence. Discuss in what direction
each of these parameters evolves, and explain why this occurs. By physical in your
explanation. How did this evolution affect our own solar system, if at all?
Select all of the statements about the main sequence stage in the life of a star that are TRUE:
All stars spend the majority of their lives in the main sequence stage.
Most stars lose a significant amount of mass while they are on the Main Sequence.
Different stars spend a different amounts of time (number of years) in the main sequence stage, depending on the characteristics they were born with.
Main sequence stars are rare in the Galaxy, so we are lucky to be living around one.
During the main sequence stage, energy to power the star is provided by the fusion of hydrogen.
Chapter 16 Solutions
The Cosmic Perspective (9th Edition)
Ch. 16 - Prob. 1VSCCh. 16 - Prob. 2VSCCh. 16 - Prob. 3VSCCh. 16 - Prob. 4VSCCh. 16 - Prob. 1EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 2EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 3EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 4EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 5EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 6EAP
Ch. 16 - Prob. 7EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 8EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 9EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 10EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 11EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 12EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 13EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 14EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 15EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 16EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 17EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 18EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 19EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 20EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 21EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 22EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 23EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 24EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 25EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 26EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 27EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 28EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 29EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 30EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 31EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 32EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 33EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 34EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 35EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 37EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 38EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 39EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 40EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 41EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 42EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 43EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 44EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 45EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 46EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 47EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 48EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 49EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 50EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 51EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 52EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 53EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 54EAPCh. 16 - Prob. 55EAPCh. 16 - Internal Temperature of the Sun. The Sun is...Ch. 16 - Prob. 57EAPCh. 16 - Angular Momentum of a Close Binary. Some close...Ch. 16 - Prob. 59EAP
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- Place the following events in the formation of stars in the proper chronological sequence, with the oldest first and the youngest last. w. the gas and dust in the nebula flatten to a disk shape due to gravity and a steadily increasing rate of angular rotation x. a star emerges when the mass is great enough and the temperature is high enough to trigger thermonuclear fusion in the core y. the rotation of the nebular cloud increases as gas and dust concentrates by gravity within the growing protostar in the center z. some force, perhaps from a nearby supernova, imparts a rotation to a nebular cloud y, then z, then w, then x z, then y, then w, then x w, then y, then z, then x z, then x, then w, then y x, then z, then y, then w MacBook Air on .H. O O O Oarrow_forwardAstronomers studying regions like the Orion Giant Molecular Cloud have observed that a wave of star formation can move through them over many millions of years. What sustains such a wave of star formation in a giant molecular cloud? A. radio waves from complex molecules move slowly through the cloud, causing stars to form B. when a group of stars form, they remove so much material from the cloud that only a big empty place is left, into which new matter from other clouds falls, making more stars C. when giant molecular clouds collide with each other, they do so not just once, but many times D. the dust in these clouds is so heavy, it is always settling inward toward the cloud's center causing star formation in its wakearrow_forwardBased on what you know about main-sequence stars, select all of the correct statements from the following list. 1. Since the interiors of stars cannot be observed, there are no theories about their structure. 2. More massive stars are hotter and brighter. 3. The weight of a star must be balanced by internal pressure. 4. More massive stars live longer; they take longer to use up all their energy. 5. Stars change position on the main sequence throughout their lives. 6. Outward energy flow in a star is by conduction only.arrow_forward
- What is fusion? How does it happen inside a star?arrow_forwardOutline the process of star formation, including all relevant factors that influence the outcome.arrow_forwardMatch each statement with the appropriate item (if the first corresponds to B and the next 4 to C, enter BCCCC) 1) group of stars that was formed all at the same time, with the same composition 2) the top of the main sequence of a cluster; more massive stars in the cluster have already evolved 3) globular clusters stars that are burning helium in their core 4) young, spread out star cluster 5) old, dense star cluster A. main sequence turnoff B. open cluster C. star cluster D. horizontal branch stars E. globular clusterarrow_forward
- As a cluster of stars begins to age, which type of star in the cluster will move off the main sequence of the H-R diagram first? 1) all the stars in a cluster are born at the same time; so they will all move off the main sequence at the same time, as they evolve 2) G type stars, like our Sun 3) M type stars, which are the coolest 4) the lowest mass stars, which have the least amount of fuel for fusion 5) the O and B type starsarrow_forwardWhat are the three possible outcomes of stellar evolution? Describe each possibility, differentiating their means of formation and their subsequent properties. Which stars on the Main Sequence are thought to end up in each of these forms?arrow_forwardBased on what you learned about stellar structure and how stars maintain their stability, select all of the correct statements from the following list. 1. The weight pressing down on a layer of gas in a star is balanced by the pressure in the gas. 2. The interior of the lowest-mass stars transfers energy mostly through convection. 3. Energy in a star flows from the core to the surface. 4. More massive stars produce energy with the proton-proton cycle. 5. Less massive stars produce energy with the CNO cycle. 6. Conduction is an important method of energy transport in stars. 7. Stars are hotter in their cores than on their surfaces.arrow_forward
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