The Cosmic Perspective (9th Edition)
The Cosmic Perspective (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134874364
Author: Jeffrey O. Bennett, Megan O. Donahue, Nicholas Schneider, Mark Voit
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 56EAP

Internal Temperature of the Sun. The Sun is essentially a gas cloud in which the forces of pressure and gravity balance each other. We can therefore use the equation in Mathematical Insight 16.1 to estimate the interior temperature of the Sun from its mass and particle density.

  1. What is the average number density of particles within the Sun, given that the average mass per particle is about  10 24  gram ? (Hint: The volume of a sphere of radius is equal to  4 π r 3 / 3 .)
  2. What is the approximate temperature necessary for gas pressure to balance gravity within the Sun, given the average particle density from part a?
  3. How does your estimate compare with the internal core temperature of the Sun?

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The Sun has a radius of about 700,000 km and a surface temperature of 5800 K. Assuming it is a perfect blackbody (an emissivity of 1), what is the rate of energy radiated (in W) from the surface of the Sun? (Hint: the surface area of a sphere is 4πR2; enter your answer in scientific notation, 1.23E12 means 1.23 * 1012).
If the radius of the sun is 7.001×105  km, what is the average density of the sun in units of grams per cubic centimeter? The volume of a sphere is (4/3)π r3. The sun is a sphere with an estimated mass of 2.00×1030 kg.   What exactly is the conversion process for this?
What is the vrms of hydrogen on the surface of the sun if its temperature is 5.36E3 degC? What is the vrms of hydrogen on the surface of the earth if its temperature is 21.2 degC?
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