Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 11TYU
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY
DRAW IT Model building can be an important part of the scientific process. The illustration shown above is a computer-generated model of a
(a) Using what you've learned in this chapter to clarify this model, label each DNA strand and each protein.
(b) Draw an arrow to indicate the overall direction of DNA replication.
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Compare and contrast the properties of DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase.
Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.
can proofread using a 3'-to-5'
exonuclease activity
polymerize in a 5'-to-3' direction
Only RNA
can initiate strand synthesis
catalyze phosphodiester bond
formation to polymerize nucleotides
into nucleic acids
Only DNA
use deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates
as substrates
can only extend an existing strand
Both
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dependent on a DNA sequence
template
use ribonucleotide triphosphates as
substrates
Semi-conservative replication means
(a) when DNA is replicated it consists one old strand and one new strand (b) the strands are anti-parallel (c) the strands are complementary (d) A=T, G=C (e) none of the above
Please help us explain our dna replication model
Yellow is thymine, red is adenine, blue is cytosine, green is guanine
Chapter 16 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 16.1 - Given a polynucleotide sequence such as GAATTC,...Ch. 16.1 - VISUAL SKILLS Griffith was trying to develop a...Ch. 16.2 - What role does complementary base pairing play in...Ch. 16.2 - Identify two major functions of DNA pol III in DNA...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 16.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 16.3 - Describe the structure of a nucleosome, the basic...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 16.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Interphase chromosomes appear to...Ch. 16 - What does it mean wheti we say that the two DNA...
Ch. 16 - DRAW IT Redraw the Punnett Square on The right...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.3CRCh. 16 - In his work with pneumonia-causing bacteria and...Ch. 16 - What is the basis for tlie difference in how the...Ch. 16 - In analyzing the number of different bases in a...Ch. 16 - The elongation of the leading Strand during DNA...Ch. 16 - In a nucleosome, the DNA is wrapped around (A)...Ch. 16 - E. coli cells grown on, 15N medium are transferred...Ch. 16 - A biochemist isolates, purifies, and combines in a...Ch. 16 - The spontaneous loss of amino groups from adenine...Ch. 16 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Although the proteins that cause...Ch. 16 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Some bacteria may be able to...Ch. 16 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY DRAW IT Model building can be...Ch. 16 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 16 - Prob. 13TYU
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- (a) What is the function of helicase in DNA replication?(b) What is the function of DNA polymerase?(c) What are replication forks? Compare and contrast leading and lagging strands. Answer all pleasearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding the fidelity of DNA replication is true? DNA polymerase has a 3'-5' exonuclease activity that removes incorrectly paired nucleotides. The DNA polymerase active site is highly flexible and can easily 'fit' incorrectly paired incorporated nucleotides. I. DNA polymerase never makes an error in the nucleotide being incorporated. The stability of base pairing is not a factor in controlling the fidelity of nucleotide incorporation during replication. IV. DNA polymerase has evolved to make errors at a relatively high rate because this is what drives evolution. OV.arrow_forwardWhich mechanism contributes to accuracy during DNA replication? Group of answer choices Base-stacking between nucleotides and the template DNA controls insertion of the correct nucleotide. Using primers increases accuracy because the first nucleotides in a new nucleic acid chain are more likely to be correct. The mismatch repair system recognizes an incorrect base-pair and corrects the mistake in both strands. All DNA polymerases have a 5′→ 3′ exonuclease activity which can remove incorrect nucleotides during replication.arrow_forward
- The diagram depicts one strand of DNA at the end of a chromosome. This strand has been replicated and produced two fragments, as shown below. Which of the two gaps that exist, labeled (a) and (b), can be filled by DNA polymerase? Hint: remember the directionality requirement for DNA polymerase. a) gap (a) b) gap (b) c) both gaps (a) and (b) d) neither gaps (a) nor (b)arrow_forwardThe statement “DNA replicates by a semiconservative mechanism” means that (a) only one DNA strand is copied (b) first one DNA strand is copied and then the other strand is copied (c) the two strands of a double helix have identical base sequences (d) some portions of a single DNA strand are old and other portions are newly synthesized (e) each double helix consists of one old and one newly synthesized strandarrow_forwardBackground: DNA nucleotides (i.e A, T, G, and C) are naturally found in a paired, or bonded, arrangement (i.e. the double helix) within the nucleus of every cell. This structure makes the process of replication that occurs prior to mitosis and meiosis very reliable. The purpose of DNA, though, is not simply to make copies of itself, but to provide a set of instructions for the synthesis or "construction" of biomolecules, such as proteins. Why is transcription (i.e. the formation of an RNA copy of a given gene) a necessary step in the "construction" process highlighted above? What is the cell looking to ultimately do with this RNA information?arrow_forward
- Hi there ~ I was wondering if someone could help me with DNA and RNA. I'm having a LOT of difficulty grasping it. I know the below are THREE questions, however I thought for the sake of explaining purposes, it may make more sense to put them all together. REPLICATE the DNA strand: A T G A C T C A T T T C A G A TRANSCRIBE the DNA strand above TRANSLATE the RNA strand abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true regarding the properties of DNA and RNA polymerase. Select all that apply. Both DNA and RNA polymerase synthesize nucleic acid strands in the 5" to 3' direction. Both DNA and RNA polymerase can initiate strand synthesis on their own. I. RNA polymerase initiates strand synthesis, while DNA polymerase depends upon an existing strand to continue synthesis. II. RNA polymerase only uses ribonucleotides for strand synthesis. DNA polymerase only uses deoxyribonucleotides for strand synthesis. V. Au DNA and RNA polymerases from eukaryotes behave very differently from DNA and RNA polymerases found in prokaryotes. O VI.arrow_forwardHow does DNA replication occur in a precise manner to ensure that identical genetic information is put into the new chromatid? See Figures 8.12 and 8.13. FIGURE 8.12 In DNA replication, the two polynucleotide strands uncoil, and each is a template for synthesizing a new strand. A replicated DNA molecule contains one new strand and one old strand. This mechanism is called semiconservative replication. FIGURE 8.13 A close-up look at the process of DNA replication. (a) As the strands uncoil, bases are added to the newly synthesized strand by complementary base pairing with bases in the template strand. The new bases are linked together by DNA polymerase. (b) DNA synthesis can proceed only in the 5 3 direction; newly synthesized DNA on one template strand is made in short segments and linked together by the enzyme DNA ligase.arrow_forward
- These highly polymorphic molecular markers are useful in DNA fingerprinting: (a) plasmid vectors (b) cloned DNA sequences (c) palindromic DNA sequences (d) short tandem repeats (e) complementary DNAsarrow_forwardDiscuss Concepts A forensic scientist obtained a small DNA sample from a crime scene. In order to examine the sample, he increased its quantity by cycling the sample through the polymerase chain reaction. He estimated that there were 50,000 copies of the DNA in his original sample. Derive a simple formula and calculate the number of copies he will have after15 cycles of the PCR.arrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes the process of DNA sequencing? a. DNA is separated on a gel, and the different bands are labeled with fluorescent nucleotides and scanned with a laser. b. A laser is used to fluorescently label the nucleotides present within the DNA, the DNA is run on a gel, and then the DNA is broken into fragments. c. Nucleotides are scanned with a laser and incorporated into the DNA that has been separated on a gel, and then the DNA is amplified with PCR. d. Fragments of DNA are produced in a reaction that labels them with any of four different fluorescent dyes, and the fragments then are run on a gel and scanned with a laser. e. DNA is broken down into its constituent nucleotides, and the nucleotides are then run on a gel and purified with a laser.arrow_forward
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