Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 12TYU
Summary Introduction
To explain: The structure of DNA correlates with its role in the molecular basis of inheritance.
Theme introduction:
The transmission of traits to the next generations is known as heredity. The heritable genetic information is in the form of DNA. The DNA structure and function are linked and, these are based on the base pair composition and their arrangement.
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The continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA, and structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization. In a short essay (100−150 words), describe how the structure of DNA is correlated with its role as the molecular basis of inheritance.
Determine which statements could be used as evidence to support the argument that "DNA
influences the proteins that are made" and which statements are just facts.
[Select all that apply.]
The HBB gene that makes beta-globin has several abnormal alleles, including HbS, HbC, and HbE.
Sickle cell disease has been successfully treated using bone marrow transplantation in children and
adults.
The symptoms of sickle cell anemia may not appear in individuals who only carry one HbS allele, but
are always apparent when both alleles are HbS.
If oxygen is removed from red blood cells made by two HbS alleles, the cell will form a sickle shape.
In chromosomes, doubly-stranded DNA wraps tightly around histone proteins. Think about the structure of DNA, especially the "backbone," and determine what category of
amino acids make up the majority of histones:
Histone Octamer
tetramer
dimer HZA
dimer
dimer
dimer
Histone "fastener"
Here the blue represents histones, and the red is the DNA strand.
To help the DNA fold up in an aqueous environment, the histones are nonpolar to exclude water, so many of the amino acid side chains are nonpolar.
The backbone of DNA is the alternating phosphate-sugar part, and the phosphate is negatively charged. Positive charges on the histone residues will bind tightly here, so
the acidic amino acids are used here.
The backbone of DNA is the alternating phosphate-deoxyribose part, and the phosphate is negatively charged. Positive charges on the histone residues will bind tightly
here, so the basic amino acids are used here.
The histones are strongly attracted to the hydrogen-bonding of the base pairs, so…
Chapter 16 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 16.1 - Given a polynucleotide sequence such as GAATTC,...Ch. 16.1 - VISUAL SKILLS Griffith was trying to develop a...Ch. 16.2 - What role does complementary base pairing play in...Ch. 16.2 - Identify two major functions of DNA pol III in DNA...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 16.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 16.3 - Describe the structure of a nucleosome, the basic...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 16.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Interphase chromosomes appear to...Ch. 16 - What does it mean wheti we say that the two DNA...
Ch. 16 - DRAW IT Redraw the Punnett Square on The right...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.3CRCh. 16 - In his work with pneumonia-causing bacteria and...Ch. 16 - What is the basis for tlie difference in how the...Ch. 16 - In analyzing the number of different bases in a...Ch. 16 - The elongation of the leading Strand during DNA...Ch. 16 - In a nucleosome, the DNA is wrapped around (A)...Ch. 16 - E. coli cells grown on, 15N medium are transferred...Ch. 16 - A biochemist isolates, purifies, and combines in a...Ch. 16 - The spontaneous loss of amino groups from adenine...Ch. 16 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Although the proteins that cause...Ch. 16 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Some bacteria may be able to...Ch. 16 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY DRAW IT Model building can be...Ch. 16 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 16 - Prob. 13TYU
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- One of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic genetic material? 1. Eukaryotic genetic material is compacted by wrapping the double-helix around histone proteins to form nucleosomes. 2. Eukaryotic genetic material consists of supercoiled circular DNA molecules complexed with proteins into chromosomes. 3. Eukaryotic genetic material consists of relaxed linear DNA molecules complexed with RNA into a 30 nm fiber. 4. Eukaryotic genetic material is compacted by folding linker regions around non-histone proteins to form a scaffold.arrow_forwardUsing the figure below identify: What is the role of histones and nucleosomes? How the process of chromatin condensation is performed? What is a function of introns and exons? What is a role of mobile DNA elements? What is a meaning of simple-sequence DNA?arrow_forwardIn your own words: Elaborate on the significance of DNA packaging in the inheritance and transmission of traits.arrow_forward
- Silent mutations that occur in DNA are quite common in living cells and usually involve no effects onphenotype. 3: Provide one example of a clinical implication of a “silent mutation” that proven to have an effect onthe phenotype and provide a brief description of its molecular characteristics?arrow_forwardAnswer the following four questions about DNA and chromosomes. (Hint: there may be slightly different numbers for these values-write the best one you know).What percentage of the human genome is made up of repetitive DNA? %What is the diameter of the chromatin fiber known as "beads on a string"? nmHow many histone proteins total assemble to make up a nucleosome? If a double stranded DNA has 22 percent adenine, what percent is guanine? %arrow_forwardList and describe the role of all molecular constituents present ina functional polyribosome.arrow_forward
- DNA contains the genetic information that controls all processes of heredity in a cell. The total length of all DNA in the cells of a human body can stretch to the moon and back four times.The terms that describe a length of DNA and the form in which it remains for most of its life, respectively are: Select one: a. Length of DNA Form in which it spends most of its time life Centromere Locus b. Length of DNA Form in which it spends most of its time life Chromosome Chromatin c. Length of DNA Form in which it spends most of its time life Chromosome Centromere d. Length of DNA Form in which it spends most of its time life Centromere Telomerearrow_forwardDetermine which statements could be used as evidence to support the argument that “DNA influences the proteins that are made” and which statements are just facts. [Select all that apply.] Group of answer choices The symptoms of sickle cell anemia may not appear in individuals who only carry one HbS allele, but are always apparent when both alleles are HbS. If oxygen is removed from red blood cells made by two HbS alleles, the cell will form a sickle shape. The HBB gene that makes beta-globin has several abnormal alleles, including HbS, HbC, and HbE. Sickle cell disease has been successfully treated using bone marrow transplantation in children and adults.arrow_forwarda. How many different DNA strands composed of100 nucleotides could possibly exist?b. How many different proteins composed of100 amino acids could possibly exist?arrow_forward
- Outline the structural features of DNA at five levels of complexity.arrow_forwardDescribe the connections between the endosomal lysosomal system and patients with diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Niemann–Pick disease, and tuberculosis.arrow_forwardWhat is the basic flow of genetic information in all cellular life ? Include in your answer a the steps in the flow of genetic information and a brief definition for each .arrow_forward
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