Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The compound that boils at
Concept introduction:
Boiling point is defined as the temperature at which a substance changes its liquid state to gaseous state. The boiling points of organic compounds depend on their structure. The boiling point of organic compounds predicted on the basis of dipole moment, the strength of hydrogen bonding, number of carbon, molecular weight, and branching.
(b)
Interpretation:
The compound amoung propanoic acid and methyl acetate which is more soluble compound in water is to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
Solubility is a chemical property of substances. It describes the maximum amount of substances that can be dissolving in the solvent. The solubility of a compound depends on the nature of the compound. More polar compounds have more solubility in water due to the formation of strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding with water molecule.
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Chapter 15 Solutions
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
- 23. Suppose that you are working with four unknown compounds in a chemistry laboratory. Your teacher tells you that these compounds are alkane, alcohol, ester and organic acid. Use the table of physical properties shown below to identify each unknown compound. Compound A is Compound C is Compound Boiling point A B C D -89°C 77°C Odour 118°C Odourless Sweet 78°C Sharp, antiseptic Very polar smell Molecular polarity Non-polar Polar Sharp, vinegar smell Very polar Compound B is Compound D isarrow_forwardEthanol and dimethyl ether have the same molecular formula C2H6O. Ethanol is liquid at room teperature while dimethyl ether is gas. How is this possible? Explain.arrow_forward1. Substance X dissolves in Substance Y. Which of the following statements is true? a.Substances X and Y do not have a significantly large difference of polarities. b.Substance X has many hydroxyl substituents that can hydrogen bond with the n-alkane Substance X. c.Substance Y is non-polar and is able to dissolve the polar Substance X. d.Substance Y is polar and is capable of dipole-dipole interaction with the nonpolar Substance X. 2. Substances A,B,C,D, and E are mixed together. Substances B and E form into a separate immiscible layer above the solution. Which of the following statements is true? a.B and E are non-polar. They can hydrogen bonds with each other in order to separate from the polar A,C, and D b.B and E have similar polarities with A, C, and D. c.B and E are non-polar. A,C and D are polar. d.B and A are polar. It follows the like dissolves like rule.arrow_forward
- Pick the compound with the highest boiling point in each pair.Explain your reasoning.a. CH3OH or CH3SHarrow_forwardWhy do ethanol and dimethyl ether have such different proper-ties even though they have the same chemical formula?arrow_forwardPlease answer the following questions in terms of chemical bonding and intermolecular forces . In each explanation where a comparison is to be made, a complete answer must include a discussion of both substances. The Following complete Lewis electron-dot diagrams may be useful in answering parts of the question. a. At 1 atm and 298 K, pentane is a liquid whereas propane is a gas. Explain. b. At 1 atm and 298 K, methanol is a liquid whereas propane is a gas. Explain. c. Indicate the hybridization of the carbon atom in each of the following: i. Methanol ii.Methanoic(formic) acid d.Draw the complete Lewis electron-dot diagram for molecule of propanoic acid , HC3H5O2 e.Explain the following observations about two carbon-oxygen bonds in the methane (formate) anion, HCO2-. You may draw a Lewis electron-dot diagram (or diagrams) of methanoate ion as part of your explanations. i. The two carbon-oxygen bonds in the methanoate(formate) anion, HCO2-, have the same length. ii.the length of the…arrow_forward
- 2.) Cyclohexanol, C6H12O, boils at a higher temperature than diethylamine, C4H11N. For which of the followingproperties will diethylamine have a higher value than cyclohexanol at a given temperature? a. Vapor pressureb. Viscosityc. Surface tensiond. Intermolecular forcese. Melting pointarrow_forwardExplain why salicylic acid has a higher melting point than benzoic acid.arrow_forwardUse intermolecular forces to account for each of these differences: a. CH;OH boils at 65°C while CH;SH boils at 6°C. b. Xe is a liquid at 120 K while Ar is a gas. c. Acetone boils at 56°C while 2-methylpropane boils at -12°C. See structures below. CH3 CH3-C-CH3 CH3-CH-CH3 Acetone 2-Methylpropanearrow_forward
- Fats and oils are an essential part of our diets. Much of their molecular structure consists of long hydrocarbon chains. a) What physical property can often be used to distinguish saturated and unsaturated fat? b) Explain why unsaturated fats are less detrimental to human health than saturated fatsarrow_forwardNormal boiling point of ethanol (C2H5OH) is 78 °C, and of propanol (C3H7OH) is 97 °C. a. Explain the reason for the difference in boiling points of these two alcohols. b. When the underline methyl group in propanol, CH3CH2CH2OH, is replaced with a hydroxyl group (HOCH2CH2OH), boiling point of the molecule increases to 197 °C. Explain the reason for observed increase in the boiling point.arrow_forwardWhy does styrene have a higher boiling point, 145 °C, than isopropanol, 83 °C? Based on the types and strength of intermolecular forces?arrow_forward
- Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningWorld of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning