Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 14.3, Problem 20CC
In an experiment, the vagus nerve, which carries parasympathetic signals to the heart, was cut. The investigators noticed that heart rate increased. What can you conclude about the vagal neurons that innervate the heart?
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Which one of the following statements about gap junctions or electrical synapses is incorrect? A. Abundant gap junctions between cardiac muscle cells allow coordinated waves of contraction to spread through the heart muscle. B. Synaptic delays at electrical synapses are shorter than synaptic delays at chemical synapses. C. Gap junctions at electrical synapses are formed from proteins made in both the presynaptic and postsynaptic cells. D. Electrical synapses can be either excitatory or inhibitory. E. Electrical synapses are inherently bidirectional, i.e., current can spread between two coupled cells in either direction
Please give me the correct answer quickly I will give you upvote
The walls of blood vessels in the brain are formed by cells that are very tightly packed. This arrangement of cells provides which of the following properties of most brain vasculature?
a. efficient removal of waste products by blood systems
b. rigidity and likelihood of stroke
c. most large and charged molecules cannot move from the blood to the brain
d. easy access to required blood chemicals such as glucose, oxygen, and various hormones
What does it mean to say that acetylcholine exerts ionotropic effects?
a. It opens ion channels.
b. It increases the concentration of ions within the vesicles.
c. It alters the permeability of the presynaptic neuron.
d. It changes the electrical charge of sodium ions from positive to negative.
Atropine works by blocking acetylcholine receptors. If you add acetylcholine to the heart, followed by atropine, what would you expect to happen? Explain.
Chapter 14 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 14.1 - A cardiovascular system has what three major...Ch. 14.1 - What is the difference between (a) the pulmonary...Ch. 14.2 - Which is more important for determining flow...Ch. 14.2 - The two identical tubes below have the pressures...Ch. 14.2 - All four tubes below have the same driving...Ch. 14.2 - Two canals in Amsterdam are identical in size, but...Ch. 14.3 - What prevents electrical signals from passing...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 8CCCh. 14.3 - Prob. 9CCCh. 14.3 - Compare the receptors and channels involved in...
Ch. 14.3 - If a myocardial contractile cell is placed in...Ch. 14.3 - A drug that blocks all Ca2+ channels in the...Ch. 14.3 - Which ions moving in what directions cause the...Ch. 14.3 - At the molecular level, what is happening during...Ch. 14.3 - Lidocaine is a molecule that blocks the action of...Ch. 14.3 - What does increasing K+ permeability do to the...Ch. 14.3 - A new cardiac drug called ivabradine selectively...Ch. 14.3 - Do you think that the Ca2+ channels in...Ch. 14.3 - What happens to the action potential of a...Ch. 14.3 - In an experiment, the vagus nerve, which carries...Ch. 14.4 - Name two functions of the AV node. What is the...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 22CCCh. 14.4 - Occasionally an ectopic pacemaker {ktopos, out of...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 24CCCh. 14.4 - Which chamberatrium or ventriclehas higher...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 26CCCh. 14.4 - Prob. 27CCCh. 14.4 - Prob. 28CCCh. 14.4 - Prob. 29CCCh. 14.4 - Why does ventricular pressure shoot up suddenly at...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 31CCCh. 14.4 - Prob. 32CCCh. 14.4 - A persons aortic valve opening has become...Ch. 14 - What contributions to understanding the...Ch. 14 - List three functions of the cardiovascular system.Ch. 14 - Prob. 3RQCh. 14 - Prob. 4RQCh. 14 - Prob. 5RQCh. 14 - Prob. 6RQCh. 14 - Prob. 7RQCh. 14 - Distinguish between the two members of each of the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 9RQCh. 14 - Prob. 10RQCh. 14 - What is the proper term for each of the following?...Ch. 14 - List the events of the cardiac cycle in sequence,...Ch. 14 - Prob. 13RQCh. 14 - Compare and contrast the structure of a cardiac...Ch. 14 - Prob. 15RQCh. 14 - Correlate the waves of an ECG with mechanical...Ch. 14 - Prob. 17RQCh. 14 - List and briefly explain four types of information...Ch. 14 - Define inotropic effect. Name two drugs that have...Ch. 14 - Prob. 20RQCh. 14 - Police Captain Jeffers has suffered a myocardial...Ch. 14 - Prob. 22RQCh. 14 - Prob. 23RQCh. 14 - Police Captain Jeffers in question 21 has an...Ch. 14 - Prob. 25RQCh. 14 - Prob. 26RQCh. 14 - Prob. 27RQCh. 14 - A person has a total blood volume of 5 L. Of this...
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- Injecting potassium into the blood stream stops the heart. In this case, cardiac muscle cells would be stuck in the Select one: a. Absolute refractory period b. Resting state c. Relative refractory periodarrow_forwardCompare and contrast a physical versus a chemical synapse. Where are these synapses found in the body and how do they work in their respective tissues? What are benefits of each in those tissues? Compare and contrast the role of calcium in cardiac versus skeletal muscle.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is false? a. The sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are positive chronotropic and inotropic agents. b. The endocrine system regulates cardiac output through chronotropic and inotropic hormones and through hormones that regulate water balance .c. The parasympathetic nervous system releases acetylcholine,which is a strongly negative inotropic agent. d. Factors such as electrolyte concentrations, body temperature,and age all affect cardiac output.arrow_forward
- Please answer 3) Which of the following keeps the impulse traveling in one direction down the axon? a) inactivation of voltage-gated Na+ channels b) the nodes of Ranvier c) the magnitude of the action potential (+30 mV) d) the myelin sheatharrow_forwardrelease of --------- onto skeletal muscle blood vessles result in ...... 1. Acetylcholine, vasoconstriction 2.norepinephrine,vasoconstriction 3.Acetylcholine, vasolidation 4,norepinephrine, vasolifation 1.can you tell me why do we choose sympathetic instead of para symapthetic. make it short and clear. 2.If we say sympathetic why do we choose pregangolic with ACH ? how can I know? 3. explain how is alpha beta thing relate. How do you choose vasoconstriction vs vasolidation? please teach me a trick. make it short and claer please. I get so confusedarrow_forwardNorepinephrine (a) slows heart rate (b) is released in cardiac muscle by parasympathetic nerves (c) causes K1 channels in cardiac muscle to open (d) decreases stroke volume (e) causes Ca21 channels in cardiac muscle to openarrow_forward
- A 32-year-old male is diagnosed with primary hypertension. His physician recommends a new drug for hypertension that acts by decreasing vascular smooth muscle contractile activity without affecting ventricular contractility. Which of the following is the most likely site of action for the new drug? a. -adrenergic receptors b. Calmodulin c. Troponin d. Tropomyosin e. Protein kinase A (Please don't give handwritten solution)arrow_forwardAn intravenous injection of potassium can cause death within a minute. From what you have learned about the resting membrane potential and action potential in chapter 7, how do you think it interferes with cellular function to cause death so fast?arrow_forwardIn SA nodal cells the upstroke of the action potential:A)is characterized by a substantial overshoot component.B)results from rapid inward movement of Na+.C)results from inward movement of Ca2+D)results from inward movement of K+.arrow_forward
- In the recording below, a neuron was bathed in a saline solution containing a pharmacologicalagent that altered the membrane currents being recorded. a) What ionic current is being recorded in these data? b) What pharmacological agent was likely used in this study and what did it do? c) Is the recorded ionic current transient or sustained and why?d) What is the role of this ionic current in the production of a neuronal action potential?arrow_forwardWhich statement is true regarding the nervous system? a) Damaged myelin on an axon has no effect with its ability to transmit an action potential b) Depolarization is the reduction of the membrane potential; going from negative to a more positive charge c) Neuroglia cells are only responsible for providing immunity to the nervous cells d) Neurons can communicate with other cells without the use of neurotransmittersarrow_forwardIn which of these ways does a metabotropic synapse differ from an ionotropic synapse? a. Its effects are slower to start and last longer. b. Its effects are faster to start and last longer. c. Its effects are slower to start and briefer in duration. d. Its effects are faster to start and briefer in duration.arrow_forward
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