The effect of calcium channels blockers and beta receptor blockers on the heart, and the mechanism by which these drugs reduce the cardiac output. Introduction: Ca 2+ enters the contractile cell through voltage-gated L-type Ca 2+ channels present in the cell membrane. When Ca 2+ enters into the contractile cell, it opens ryanodine receptors located on the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This leads to the release of Ca 2+ into the cytosol. The Ca 2+ released during this process is required for heart contraction. Beta receptors can bind to epinephrine and norepinephrine that flow into the blood. These receptors play a role in increasing heart rate and contraction, and therefore, help in the cardiac output.

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Chapter 14, Problem 20RQ

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To describe: The effect of calcium channels blockers and beta receptor blockers on the heart, and the mechanism by which these drugs reduce the cardiac output.

Introduction: Ca²⁺ enters the contractile cell through voltage-gated L-type Ca²⁺ channels present in the cell membrane. When Ca²⁺ enters into the contractile cell, it opens ryanodine receptors located on the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This leads to the release of Ca²⁺ into the cytosol. The Ca²⁺ released during this process is required for heart contraction. Beta receptors can bind to epinephrine and norepinephrine that flow into the blood. These receptors play a role in increasing heart rate and contraction, and therefore, help in the cardiac output.

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Roberto is a 78-year-old male who has recently been diagnosed with Class III Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). His physician told him that his left ventricle has become stiff and cannot relax. Although there is no current treatment that can “fix” Roberto’s condition, he is prescribed two medications: an ACE inhibitor and beta blockers.Briefly describe how beta-blockers will influence Roberto’s heart function, specifically the physiology of the ventricles.

Roberto is a 78-year-old male who has recently been diagnosed with Class III Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). His physician told him that his left ventricle has become stiff and cannot relax. Although there is no current treatment that can “fix” Roberto’s condition, he is prescribed two medications: an ACE inhibitor and beta blockers. Briefly describe how beta-blockers will influence Roberto’s heart function, specifically the physiology of the ventricles.

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