Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134765037
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 14, Problem 14PS
Interpreting Data The carbon-14/carbon-12 ratio of a fossilized skull is about 6.25% of that of the skull of a present-day animal. Using the graph below, what is the approximate age of the fossil?
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Carbon-14 dating works for fossils up to about 75,000 years old;fossils older than that contain too little 14C to be detected. Mostdinosaurs went extinct 65.5 million years ago. (a) Can 14C be usedto date dinosaur bones? Explain. (b) Radioactive uranium-235 hasa half-life of 704 million years. If it was incorporated into dinosaurbones, could it be used to date the dinosaur fossils? Explain
(1) What is the most common way for a dead organism to avoid decomposition?
(2) Why do researchers look for fossils in places that are now dry and barren instead of
other places like forests or grasslands?
(3) What kind of dating from the lecture or textbook would be the best method for finding
the number of years ago when a volcanic rock was formed?
(4) Why is the pelvis of a biped shorter and wider than the pelvis of a quadruped?
(5) Does the overall shape of Lucy’s pelvis resemble the human pelvis or the chimpanzee pelvis more? Do not think of the size, but compare the outlines of each
bone.
This is Lucy's skelton below.
The researchers found that the Neanderthal fossil had approximately0.0078 as much 14C as found originally in the atmosphere. (a) Usingthe numbers on your graph, determine how many half-lives havepassed since the Neanderthal died. (b) Using your 14C calibration onthe x-axis, what is the approximate age of the Neanderthal fossil inyears (round off to the nearest thousand)? (c) Approximately whendid Neanderthals become extinct according to this study? (d) Theresearchers cite evidence that modern humans (H. sapiens) becameestablished in the same region as the last Neanderthals approximately 39,000–42,000 years ago. What does this suggest aboutthe overlap of Neanderthals and modern humans?
Chapter 14 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Ch. 14 - Distinguish between microevolution, speciation,...Ch. 14 - Identify each of the following reproductive...Ch. 14 - Why is a small, isolated population more likely to...Ch. 14 - Many species of plants and animals adapted to...Ch. 14 - Mass extinctions a. cut the number of species to...Ch. 14 - Prob. 6SQCh. 14 - A paleontologist estimates that when a particular...Ch. 14 - Why are biologists careful to distinguish...Ch. 14 - In the three-domain system, which two domains...Ch. 14 - Prob. 10IMT
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- What kind of fossils were formed out of dinosaur remains and activities? Why do you say so? (Give three)arrow_forwardExplain why it is difficult to use carbon-14 dating on 100-million-year-old dinosaur fossilsarrow_forwardWhich of the following is true as the presence of bones is similarly found both in the baleen whale and in the extinct whale?arrow_forward
- Fossil A found closer to the surface compared to Fossil B. Which of the following conclusions can be made based on this statement?arrow_forwardTrue or false? Wrinkly textures in rock that formed from ancient biofilms living in marine sediments are considered trace fossils.arrow_forwardⒸ Macmillan Learning An extensive study of a hominid fossil dating from approximately 2 million years ago was published in 2013. Determine whether each of the features described is closer to the ancestral state or to the modern human state. The shoulder structure and very long arms suggest the ability to climb and perhaps hang or swing. closer to the modern human state closer to the ancestral state The spine and other skeletal features suggest an upright stance. There is no opposable toe. The skull is very small.arrow_forward
- 拳 1 2 3 4 77811 Geologists searching for clues to the ancestors of modern-day vertebrate land animals should look in layer beds. of the fossil A) 1 B) 3. D) 4arrow_forwardHow would the evolution of teeth and bones composed of calcite or aragonite, instead of dahllite, have changed the lifestyles of some vertebrates? Give some specific examples using both fossil and present-day animals. typed answer onlyarrow_forwardBased on the fossil record, when did hominins first appear in Africa? Group of answer choices ~ 12 kya ~ 6 mya ~ 12 mya ~ 2 mya ~ 6 kyaarrow_forward
- What are the two ways of finding the age of a fossil? Describe how relative dating works. What does absolute dating do? Why is the element carbon-14 important for paleontologists? . Developmental Biology - Embryology Many scientists use what an organism looks like as an embryo, or embryology, as evidence for evolution. The embryos of most vertebrates look very similar and have similar structures. For example, fish, bird, rabbit, and human embryos are similar in appearance in early stages. They all have gill slits and a tail with muscles to move it. Later as the embryos develop, they become less and less similar. What does the study of embryology show when comparing most vertebrates?arrow_forwardGreat Transitions Interactive: Human Origins Stone Tools Trace Fossils " Body. Fossils MYA 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 NAME Pan troglodytes Homo sapiens Homo erectus Homo habilis Australopithecus afarensis Ardipithecus ramidus Brain volume (cm³) -400 -1350 770-925 630-680 380-550 300-350 FACIAL FEATURES Steep facial slope N Y Y Y N N Small canines N Y Y Y Y Y Bowl-shaped pelvis N Y Y Y Y Y BIPEDAL ADAPTATIONS Legs > arms N Y Y N N hhmi Biolnteractive N Big toe in line with stride N Y Y Y Y N Introduction Key Concepts Credits Helparrow_forwardWhen a radio-isotope in a fossil with a half-life of 4,000 years has been reduced to 25% of its original amount, how old is the fossil?arrow_forward
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