Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 14, Problem 14PDQ
Mammography is an accurate screening technique for the early detection of breast cancer in humans. Because this technique uses X rays diagnostically, it has been highly controversial. Can you explain why? What reasons justify the use of X rays for such a medical screening technique?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Mammography is an accurate screening technique for the earlydetection of breast cancer in humans. Because this techniqueuses X rays diagnostically, it has been highly controversial. Canyou explain why? What reasons justify the use of X rays for sucha medical screening technique?
Breast Cancer Screening Program – A group of women were subjected to a breast cancer screening program. A newly developed screening test was utilized to measure its sensitivity and specificity against a gold standard test.
a) What is the prevalence of breast cancer in this population?
b) Calculate the Sensitivity of the test and provide interpretation
c) Calculate the Specificity of the test and provide interpretation
In a Cervical Cancer screening program, 500 asymptomatic women were examined using the Pap smear test. 200 of the women who truly had lesions were correctly classified; 14 with lesions were wrongly classified as negative. 253 women who had no lesions were correctly classified; 33 women with no lesions were wrongly reported as positive.
(A) Summarise the information provided in an appropirate table.
(B) Based on the information above, calculate the Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive and Negative Predictive Values of the Pap smear test.
Chapter 14 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. 14 - CASE STUDY| Genetic dwarfism Seven months...Ch. 14 -
CASE STUDY | Genetic dwarfism
Seven months...Ch. 14 -
CASE STUDY| Genetic dwarfism
Seven months...Ch. 14 - CASE STUDY | Genetic dwarfism Seven months...Ch. 14 -
HOW DO WE KNOW?
1. In this chapter, we focused on...Ch. 14 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on page 257....Ch. 14 - What is a spontaneous mutation, and why are...Ch. 14 -
4. Why would a mutation in a somatic cell of a...Ch. 14 - Why is a random mutation more likely to be...Ch. 14 - Most mutations in a diploid organism are...
Ch. 14 - What is meant by a conditional mutation?Ch. 14 -
8. Describe a tautomeric shift and how it may...Ch. 14 - Contrast and compare the mutagenic effects of...Ch. 14 - Why are frameshift mutations likely to be more...Ch. 14 - Why are X rays more potent mutagens than UV...Ch. 14 -
12. DNA damage brought on by a variety of natural...Ch. 14 - Contrast the various types of DNA repair...Ch. 14 -
14. Mammography is an accurate screening...Ch. 14 - Describe how the Ames test screens for potential...Ch. 14 - What genetic defects result in the disorder...Ch. 14 - In a bacterial culture in which all cells are...Ch. 14 - Human equivalents of bacterial DNA mismatch repair...Ch. 14 - A number of different types of mutations in the...Ch. 14 -
20. Some mutations that lead to diseases such as...Ch. 14 - In maize, a Ds or Ac transposon can cause...Ch. 14 -
22. Presented here are hypothetical findings from...Ch. 14 -
23. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a severe autosomal...Ch. 14 -
24. Electrophilic oxidants are known to create...Ch. 14 - Skin cancer carries a lifetime risk nearly equal...Ch. 14 -
26. The initial discovery of IS elements in...Ch. 14 -
27. It is estimated that about 0.2 percent of...Ch. 14 -
28. It has been noted that most transposons in...Ch. 14 - Two related forms of muscular dystrophy–Duchenne...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample. There are many biomedical engineering based approaches to detect CSCs. Question: What kind of systems have been developed to detect CSCs? Describe by giving examples. Please explain in detail the main findings with your own words.arrow_forwardHow can genetic testing help in cancer diagnosis? Answer specificallyarrow_forwardSurgery remains a mainstay in the treatment of many forms of cancer, but it is no longer used in diagnosis due to the risks associated with surgery and improved nonsurgical diagnostic methods. True Falsearrow_forward
- You have decided to combine your love of biology and your love of dogs to train dogs to detect cancer. You can reliably train dogs to detect cancer with a high degree of accuracy. The dogs are able to detect the cancer simply by sniffing clothing that had been worn by the patient and so there is no contact between the dog and the patient. Since there are no risks from the test, and you know that cancer caught early is often treatable you are keen to develop your idea further. What possible negative consequences would need to be considered before concluding that this type of screening test should be more widely used? You may select more than one answer. a. Risks associated with further tests such as biopsies to type and stage the cancer. b. Risks associated with surgical interventions to remove the cancer. C. Risks associated with chemotherapy used post surgery.arrow_forwardCancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample. There are many biomedical engineering based approaches to detect CSCs. Question: What kind of systems have been developed to detect CSCs? Describe by giving examples. Please explain with a few examples.arrow_forwardbe performed and used to determine the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the device. Using your own hypothetical values, calculate the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the device. Is the device suitable for screening for breast cancer, based on your calculated values of its accuracy, sensitivity and specificity? Explain.arrow_forward
- Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample. There are many biomedical engineering based approaches to detect CSCs. 1) What is the importance and advanatge of detecting CSCs? 2) What kind of systems have been developed to detect CSCs? Describe by giving examples. Please explain in detail with your own words.arrow_forwardCancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample. There are many biomedical engineering based approaches to detect CSCs. 1) What is the importance and advanatge of detecting CSCs? 2) What kind of systems have been developed to detect CSCs? Describe by giving examples.arrow_forwardThere are three general categories of effects resulting from exposure to low doses of radiation. Theseare: 1. Genetic - The effect is suffered by the offspring of the individual exposed. 2. Somatic - The effect is primarily suffered by the individual exposed. Since cancer is theprimary result, it is sometimes called the Carcinogenic Effect. 3. In-utero - Some mistakenly consider this to be a genetic consequence of radiation exposure,because the effect, suffered by a developing embryo/fetus, is seen after birth.However, this is actually a special case of the somatic effect, since the embryo/fetusis the one exposed to the radiation. State the medical case occured from Chernobyl, Three Mile Island, Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accidents and explain briefly the three above categories in each accidents including the diagnosis and treament (if applicable).arrow_forward
- How can genetic testing help in cancer diagnosis? Briefly explain.arrow_forward1) What are the limitations of targeted versus whole-genome or whole-exome profiling of cancer mutations? 2) What can you infer about mutations that are common to almost all of the cells in a tumor? 3) Summarize the high-level differences between the VCF and MAF file formats. 4) How do germline and somatic mutations differ in terms of their effect on cancer risk and prognosis?arrow_forwardCancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample. There are many biomedical engineering based approaches to detect CSCs. Question: What kind of systems have been developed to detect CSCs? Describe by giving examples. Thank you.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
An Introduction to the Human Genome | HMX Genetics; Author: Harvard University;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEJp7B6u_dY;License: Standard Youtube License