Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 14, Problem 13PDQ
Contrast the various types of DNA repair mechanisms known to counteract the effects of UV radiation. What is the role of visible light in repairing UV-induced mutations?
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Identify the various types of DNA repair mechanisms known to counteract the effects of UV radiation.
Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences.
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SoS repair
is dependent on a photon-activated enzyme that cleaves thymine dimers.
excision repair
is the process by which an endonuclease clips out UV-induced dimers, DNA
photoreactivation repair
polymerase III fills in the gap, and DNA ligase rejoins the phosphodiester backbone.
recombinational repair
uses the corresponding region on the umdamaged parental strand of the same
polarity.
is a process in E. coli that induces error-prone DNA replication in an effort to fill
gaps by inserting random nucleotides.
Describe the role of mismatch repair (MMR) in DNA repair.Why do mutations in MMR proteins increase the risk ofhuman cancer?
The figure below summarizes the results of an experiment evaluating the role of Ku80 gene DNA repair. The Ku80 Knock Out mice were generated by genetically deleting the Ku80 gene and the effects of ionizing radiation on lifespan were evaluated. Briefly explain why Ku80 deletion has the observed effects. What form of DNA damage is causing the reduced lifespan and which repair mechanism appears to be responsible for repair of these lesion in normal mice?
Chapter 14 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. 14 - CASE STUDY| Genetic dwarfism Seven months...Ch. 14 -
CASE STUDY | Genetic dwarfism
Seven months...Ch. 14 -
CASE STUDY| Genetic dwarfism
Seven months...Ch. 14 - CASE STUDY | Genetic dwarfism Seven months...Ch. 14 -
HOW DO WE KNOW?
1. In this chapter, we focused on...Ch. 14 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on page 257....Ch. 14 - What is a spontaneous mutation, and why are...Ch. 14 -
4. Why would a mutation in a somatic cell of a...Ch. 14 - Why is a random mutation more likely to be...Ch. 14 - Most mutations in a diploid organism are...
Ch. 14 - What is meant by a conditional mutation?Ch. 14 -
8. Describe a tautomeric shift and how it may...Ch. 14 - Contrast and compare the mutagenic effects of...Ch. 14 - Why are frameshift mutations likely to be more...Ch. 14 - Why are X rays more potent mutagens than UV...Ch. 14 -
12. DNA damage brought on by a variety of natural...Ch. 14 - Contrast the various types of DNA repair...Ch. 14 -
14. Mammography is an accurate screening...Ch. 14 - Describe how the Ames test screens for potential...Ch. 14 - What genetic defects result in the disorder...Ch. 14 - In a bacterial culture in which all cells are...Ch. 14 - Human equivalents of bacterial DNA mismatch repair...Ch. 14 - A number of different types of mutations in the...Ch. 14 -
20. Some mutations that lead to diseases such as...Ch. 14 - In maize, a Ds or Ac transposon can cause...Ch. 14 -
22. Presented here are hypothetical findings from...Ch. 14 -
23. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a severe autosomal...Ch. 14 -
24. Electrophilic oxidants are known to create...Ch. 14 - Skin cancer carries a lifetime risk nearly equal...Ch. 14 -
26. The initial discovery of IS elements in...Ch. 14 -
27. It is estimated that about 0.2 percent of...Ch. 14 -
28. It has been noted that most transposons in...Ch. 14 - Two related forms of muscular dystrophy–Duchenne...
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- Explain why base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, and mismatch repair—which all require nucleases to excise damaged DNA—require DNA ligase.arrow_forwardDescribe the role of mismatch repair (MMR) in DNA repair. Why can mutations in MMR increase the risk of human cancer?arrow_forward(a) How does the duplication of individual genes occur? (b) individual that inherit a genetic condition known as xeroderma pigmentosum exhibit an extreme sensitivity to sunlight exposure and often develop skin cancer by the age of 10. What repair pathway is most likely disrupted as a result of such mutation? Explain why?arrow_forward
- (b): How many forms can naturally occurring DNA exist in? Explain how these forms are characterized. What properties of the functional groups determine the binding of DNA with anti-cancer agents? Explain.arrow_forwardWhat is/are the attributes that make nucleotide excision repair (NER) and base excision repair (BER) similar and/or different from each other? Select the correct response: The NER pathway is the only one that can remove DNA lesions in the strand regardless of their size which is followed by attaching the correct strand, then sealed by a DNA ligase. They both use the enzyme DNA glycosylases that recognizes the damaged DNA segments and proceed with repairing the faulty base in the strand. They differ NER only repairs purine bases while BER repairs pyrimidine bases. They both remove the damaged parts of the DNA where the BER pathway corrects only the identified damaged bases which are usually non-bulky lesions. The NER pathway, on the other hand, repairs the damage by removal of bulky DNA adducts which is a short-single stranded DNA segment. They both utilize the enzyme photolyase to reverse the damages created by the faulty section of the DNA. They both remove the damaged parts of the…arrow_forwardWhat are the effects of mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene on DNA damage repair, and explain the mechanisms through which this effect is exerted.arrow_forward
- Based on what you have learned with respect to various DNA repair pathways, decide the most appropriate pathway that would be used to repair the following types of DNA damage. Explain your reasoning. A change in the DNA sequence caused by a mistake made by DNA polymerase during replication In a fungal species, pyrimidine dimers induced as a result of UV exposure A double-stranded break that occurs during G1 and prevents completion of DNA replicationarrow_forwardThere are two types of excision repair, base excision repair (BER) and nucleotide excision repair (NER). Which enzymes are used in Base excision repair in E. coli?And In nucleotide excision repair, what kind of damage is repaired by this mechanism and why are cutsmade on both sides of the damaged region of DNA?arrow_forwardWhat are the three main steps for repairing the DNA damages such as the deamination of cytosine nucleotide and the thymine dimer?arrow_forward
- Describe the excision repair process in DNA, using the excision of thymine dimers as an example.arrow_forwardDescribe and give examples of direct reversal of DNA damage.arrow_forwardHow is mismatch repair different from excision repair (in terms of what type of mutation it is used for and how the events proceed)?arrow_forward
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