Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The given alcohol structures denotes a cis- or trans- isomer has to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
A cis isomer is the one in which the same groups are present on same side of both the carbon atoms present in the double bond.
A trans isomer is the one in which the same groups are present on opposite side of both the carbon atoms present in the double bond.
Cis‑trans isomerism is not possible if any one of the carbon atom bonded to the double bond bears two identical groups.
Cis‑trans isomers are not constitutional isomers but they are stereoisomers.
Cycloalkanes can also exhibit stereoisomerism. The difference between constitutional isomerism and stereoisomerism is that, the result of difference in connectivity of carbon atoms is known as constitutional isomerism and the result of differences in configuration is known as stereoisomerism. Stereoisomers are compounds that possess same molecular formula and connectivity of atoms but different orientations of atoms in space. Cis isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present above or below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms. Trans isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present one above and one below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms.
(b)
Interpretation:
The given alcohol structures denotes a cis- or trans- isomer has to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond in it. There will not be any free rotation of the double bond in alkene. Hence, cis‑trans isomerism is possible. The first and foremost condition for the alkene to exhibit cis‑trans isomerism is that the carbon attached in either end of double bond must have different groups attached to it.
A cis isomer is the one in which the same groups are present on same side of both the carbon atoms present in the double bond.
A trans isomer is the one in which the same groups are present on opposite side of both the carbon atoms present in the double bond.
Cis‑trans isomerism is not possible if any one of the carbon atom bonded to the double bond bears two identical groups.
Cis‑trans isomers are not constitutional isomers but they are stereoisomers.
Cycloalkanes can also exhibit stereoisomerism. The difference between constitutional isomerism and stereoisomerism is that, the result of difference in connectivity of carbon atoms is known as constitutional isomerism and the result of differences in configuration is known as stereoisomerism. Stereoisomers are compounds that possess same molecular formula and connectivity of atoms but different orientations of atoms in space. Cis isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present above or below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms. Trans isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present one above and one below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms.
(c)
Interpretation:
The given alcohol structures denotes a cis- or trans- isomer has to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond in it. There will not be any free rotation of the double bond in alkene. Hence, cis‑trans isomerism is possible. The first and foremost condition for the alkene to exhibit cis‑trans isomerism is that the carbon attached in either end of double bond must have different groups attached to it.
A cis isomer is the one in which the same groups are present on same side of both the carbon atoms present in the double bond.
A trans isomer is the one in which the same groups are present on opposite side of both the carbon atoms present in the double bond.
Cis‑trans isomerism is not possible if any one of the carbon atom bonded to the double bond bears two identical groups.
Cis‑trans isomers are not constitutional isomers but they are stereoisomers.
Cycloalkanes can also exhibit stereoisomerism. The difference between constitutional isomerism and stereoisomerism is that, the result of difference in connectivity of carbon atoms is known as constitutional isomerism and the result of differences in configuration is known as stereoisomerism. Stereoisomers are compounds that possess same molecular formula and connectivity of atoms but different orientations of atoms in space. Cis isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present above or below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms. Trans isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present one above and one below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms.
(d)
Interpretation:
The given alcohol structures denotes a cis- or trans- isomer has to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond in it. There will not be any free rotation of the double bond in alkene. Hence, cis‑trans isomerism is possible. The first and foremost condition for the alkene to exhibit cis‑trans isomerism is that the carbon attached in either end of double bond must have different groups attached to it.
A cis isomer is the one in which the same groups are present on same side of both the carbon atoms present in the double bond.
A trans isomer is the one in which the same groups are present on opposite side of both the carbon atoms present in the double bond.
Cis‑trans isomerism is not possible if any one of the carbon atom bonded to the double bond bears two identical groups.
Cis‑trans isomers are not constitutional isomers but they are stereoisomers.
Cycloalkanes can also exhibit stereoisomerism. The difference between constitutional isomerism and stereoisomerism is that, the result of difference in connectivity of carbon atoms is known as constitutional isomerism and the result of differences in configuration is known as stereoisomerism. Stereoisomers are compounds that possess same molecular formula and connectivity of atoms but different orientations of atoms in space. Cis isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present above or below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms. Trans isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present one above and one below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms.
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 14 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
- Define Preparation of Alcohols ?arrow_forwardWhich of these compounds is a tertiary alcohol? (Hint: Remember that the classification of alcohols depends on the number of alkyl groups attached to the carbon bonded to the-OH group.) НС- Ң С CH₂ I Н. С OH нес-он CH₂ CH CH3 1 он CH₂arrow_forwardClassify each of the molecules below. OH primary alcohol secondary alcohol tertiary alcohol quaternary alcohol OH X primary alcohol secondary alcohol tertiary alcohol quaternary alcohol OH O primary alcohol secondary alcohol tertiary alcohol O quaternary alcoholarrow_forward
- 14 What type of organic molecule is this? ketone O alcohol aldehyde organic acid I- I- I-0–Iarrow_forwardExplain these 4 types of reactions for alcohols in organic chemistry - dehydration - combustion - esterfication - oxidationarrow_forward1. Complete the following table to summarize the nomenclature rules for organic compounds. The first one is completed for you as an example. Family of Compound Structure Suffix -oic acid (-carboxylic acid) Carboxylic Acid R-C-OH Aldehyde Ketone Alcohol Ether Ester Amine Alkene Alkynearrow_forward
- For the ketone displayed below, choose the name that follows IUPAC guidelines. CH,—CH,−C−CH,—CH, (Hint: For this molecule, pay attention to the longest continuous carbon chain, which has 8 carbons. You may first want to redraw the formula to have the longest carbon chain on a horizontal plane to facilitate naming.) O 6-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hexanone O 6-methyl-3-octanone 6-ethyl-3-heptanone CH₂ CH3 | CH-CH3 I 2-ethyl-5-heptanone 6,7-dimethyl-3-heptanonearrow_forwardAs stated in Section 11-9, the wax found in apple skins is an unbranched alkane with the molecular formula C^H^. Explain how the presence of this alkane in apple skins prevents the loss of moisture from within the apple.arrow_forward
- General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning