Chapter 14, Problem 14.15EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name for the given polyhydroxy alcohol has to be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC rules for naming alcohols that contain single hydroxyl group:

• Longest carbon chain has to be identified that contains hydroxyl group also. The chain name is obtained by replacing the letter “-e” in alkane with “-ol”.
• The numbering has to be given so that the hydroxyl group gets the least numbering.
• Name and location of any other substituent present in the chain has to be identified.
• If in a ring the hydroxyl group is present, then that carbon is numbered 1 and the numbering then proceeds counterclockwise or clockwise in a way that substituents present if any gets the least numbering.
• Hydroxyl group as a substituent in a molecule is named as hydroxy group rather than hydroxyl group.

IUPAC rules for naming alcohols that contain more than one hydroxyl group:

• The same rules said above is followed but the prefix di-, tri-, tetra etc is added corresponding to the number of hydroxyl groups that is present.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name for the given polyhydroxy alcohol has to be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC rules for naming alcohols that contain single hydroxyl group:

• Longest carbon chain has to be identified that contains hydroxyl group also. The chain name is obtained by replacing the letter “-e” in alkane with “-ol”.
• The numbering has to be given so that the hydroxyl group gets the least numbering.
• Name and location of any other substituent present in the chain has to be identified.
• If in a ring the hydroxyl group is present, then that carbon is numbered 1 and the numbering then proceeds counterclockwise or clockwise in a way that substituents present if any gets the least numbering.
• Hydroxyl group as a substituent in a molecule is named as hydroxy group rather than hydroxyl group.

IUPAC rules for naming alcohols that contain more than one hydroxyl group:

• The same rules said above is followed but the prefix di-, tri-, tetra etc is added corresponding to the number of hydroxyl groups that is present.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name for the given polyhydroxy alcohol has to be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC rules for naming alcohols that contain single hydroxyl group:

• Longest carbon chain has to be identified that contains hydroxyl group also. The chain name is obtained by replacing the letter “-e” in alkane with “-ol”.
• The numbering has to be given so that the hydroxyl group gets the least numbering.
• Name and location of any other substituent present in the chain has to be identified.
• If in a ring the hydroxyl group is present, then that carbon is numbered 1 and the numbering then proceeds counterclockwise or clockwise in a way that substituents present if any gets the least numbering.
• Hydroxyl group as a substituent in a molecule is named as hydroxy group rather than hydroxyl group.

IUPAC rules for naming alcohols that contain more than one hydroxyl group:

• The same rules said above is followed but the prefix di-, tri-, tetra etc is added corresponding to the number of hydroxyl groups that is present.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The IUPAC name for the given polyhydroxy alcohol has to be assigned.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC rules for naming alcohols that contain single hydroxyl group:

• Longest carbon chain has to be identified that contains hydroxyl group also. The chain name is obtained by replacing the letter “-e” in alkane with “-ol”.
• The numbering has to be given so that the hydroxyl group gets the least numbering.
• Name and location of any other substituent present in the chain has to be identified.
• If in a ring the hydroxyl group is present, then that carbon is numbered 1 and the numbering then proceeds counterclockwise or clockwise in a way that substituents present if any gets the least numbering.
• Hydroxyl group as a substituent in a molecule is named as hydroxy group rather than hydroxyl group.

IUPAC rules for naming alcohols that contain more than one hydroxyl group:

• The same rules said above is followed but the prefix di-, tri-, tetra etc is added corresponding to the number of hydroxyl groups that is present.