Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Textbook Question
Chapter 13, Problem 4RQ
When the axon terminal of a modulatory neuron (cell M) terminates close to the axon terminal of a presynaptic cell (cell P) and decreases the amount of neurotransmitter released by cell P, the resulting type of modulation is called _____. [Hint: See p. 261.]
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Identify the charges
(positive/negative) that appear on
the inside AND the outside of an axon while at resting
state.
Explain 2 factors that contribute to the maintenance of
this resting state.
Draw a presynaptic and postsynaptic neuron at to demonstrate the release and acceptance of a neurotransmitter. Identify the following in your drawing: Ca2+, synaptic cleft, receptor, synaptic vessicle, SNARE, presynaptic neuron, postsynaptic neuron
Assume presynaptic excitatory neuron A terminates on a postsynaptic cell near the axon hillock and presynaptic excitatory neuron B terminates on the same postsynaptic cell on a dendrite located on the side of the cell body opposite the axon hillock. Explain why rapid firing of presynaptic neuron A could bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold through temporal summation, thus initiating an action potential, whereas firing of presynaptic neuron B at the same frequency and the same magnitude of EPSPs may not bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold.
thanks a lot in advance:)
Chapter 13 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 13.2 - List the general steps of a reflex pathway,...Ch. 13.2 - If a cell hyperpolarizes, does its membrane...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 13.3 - Draw a reflex map of the flexion reflex initiated...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 5CCCh. 13.3 - Prob. 6CCCh. 13.3 - Prob. 7CCCh. 13 - Prob. 1RQCh. 13 - Prob. 2RQCh. 13 - The pathway pattern that brings information from...
Ch. 13 - When the axon terminal of a modulatory neuron...Ch. 13 - Autonomic reflexes are also called _____ reflexes....Ch. 13 - Prob. 6RQCh. 13 - Prob. 7RQCh. 13 - Prob. 8RQCh. 13 - Prob. 9RQCh. 13 - Prob. 10RQCh. 13 - Prob. 11RQCh. 13 - Prob. 12RQCh. 13 - Prob. 13RQCh. 13 - Prob. 14RQCh. 13 - Prob. 15RQCh. 13 - Prob. 16RQCh. 13 - Prob. 17RQCh. 13 - At your last physical, your physician checked your...Ch. 13 - There are several theories about how presynaptic...Ch. 13 - Prob. 20RQCh. 13 - Prob. 21RQCh. 13 - Prob. 22RQ
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A common membrane-bound intermediary between the receptor and the effector protein within the plasma membrane is the __________________.arrow_forwardDescribe how neurotransmitter binding to receptors on apostsynaptic cell causes inhibition or excitation.arrow_forwardWhen an impulse arrives at the synapse, the synaptic vesicles open and release neurotransmitters into the cleft within a thousandth of a second. Within another ten thousandth of a second, these molecules have diffused across the cleft and bound to receptor sites in the effector cell. In what two ways is transmission across a synapse terminated so that the neuron’s signal is concluded?arrow_forward
- Depression is a condition in which sufferers may feel low mood, lack of motivation and sleep. It is caused by a lack of serotonin in the synaptic cleft of neurone pathways. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter. a) Describe how serotonin acts as a neurotransmitter. Using your understanding of synaptic transmission, explain how communication between neurones in serotonin pathways of the brain would be affected in someone with depression. b) Doctors use tubocurarine drug as an anaesthetic as it temporarily paralyses muscles. It blocks receptors at neuromuscular junctions. Why does this lead to paralysis?arrow_forwarddescribe the location of neurotansmitters within an axon and explain the relationship between presynaptic axon actviity and the amount of neurotransmitters released.arrow_forwardExplain how the binding of heroin to presynaptic neurones raises the probability of action potentials in the postsynaptic neurone. asap typed onlyarrow_forward
- What type of synaptic potential (if any; be sure to indicate if any modification is occurring as well) would occur if: a.) An MAO inhibitor type of antidepressant is functioning at an active dopaminergic synapse that increases the rate of sodium flowing into the cell. b.) Prozac is present at an active serotonin synapse where receptor activation increases the flow of potassium out of the cell.arrow_forwardWhat are the two major classes of neurotransmitter in reference to their effects on postsynaptic cells? How do their modes of action differ? Give an example of each type of neurotransmitter.arrow_forwardEarly in an action potential, the inside of the axon becomes less negatively charged relative to the outside, this is called. Polarization Depolarization Hyperpolarization Repolarization ---------------------------------- Neurotransmitters -gated (ligand gated) ions channels are important for ____, while voltage gated ion channels are important for ____ Communication between neurons; communication within neurons communication within neurons; Communication between neurons ------------------------------- In gross neuroanatomy we are interested in structures that are NOT visible to the naked eye. True or false.arrow_forward
- Let’s say the synapses of a neuron’s dendrites are filled with glutamate-gated channels which, when activated by glutamate, cause an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) in the neuron. In one instance, glutamate is released at all of the synapses simultaneously and this leads to an action potential in the neuron. A) What type of summation of PSPs is this? Why? B) List the sequence of steps that occur starting from binding of glutamate to the glutamate-gated channels at the synapses and ending with the membrane potential at the axon hillock returning to resting potential at the end of the action potential. (Include all the changes in voltage-gated channels underlying the action potential.)arrow_forwardBesides the standard post- and pre-synapse that exchange information, non neuronal cell types also play a role in synaptic transmission. One of those are called astrocytes and can form a tripartite synapse. Explain the roles of astrocytes in synaptic transmission.arrow_forwardIn chemical synapses, neurons communicate with other neurons or skeletal muscles via neurotransmitters (NT). Explain the steps of neurotransmission beginning from the action potential arriving at the axon terminal to the termination of NT actions. (answer max 8 sentences)arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Nervous System - Get to know our nervous system a bit closer, how does it works? | Neurology; Author: FreeMedEducation;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6O-0CVAgaEM;License: Standard youtube license