Biology: Science for Life with Physiology (6th Edition) (Belk, Border & Maier, The Biology: Science for Life Series, 5th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134555430
Author: Colleen Belk, Virginia Borden Maier
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 9LTB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Natural selection is a natural process which favors the survival of the fittest. It is a slow and long process with increased chances of survival. Natural selection is controlled by nature and involves all types of organisms. Selection of the trait depends on adaptability and the entire population of the species is transformed.
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When one allele is favored by Natural Selection over all other alleles, that allele will likely
increase in frequency and the trait-form it produces will become more common. This is an
example of
Selection.
Directional
Stabilizing
Disruptive
Kin
Which of the following contribute to keeping low-fitness alleles in our gene pool?
Choose all that are correct
Random mating
Efficient selection against rare recessive disease-causing alleles
New mutations
Late age of onset of some diseases
Inefficient selection against rare recessive disease-causing alleles
Which of the following statements about genetic fitness and/or selection is false?
Group of answer choices
Individuals with low fitness have greater selection coefficients
Fitness involves both relative viability and reproductive success
Individuals with high fitness have greater selection coefficients
Selection against recessive alleles tends to be slower overall than dominant alleles because of the survival in heterozygotes
Chapter 12 Solutions
Biology: Science for Life with Physiology (6th Edition) (Belk, Border & Maier, The Biology: Science for Life Series, 5th Edition)
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- The small remaining cheetah populations in the world are at risk of inbreeding depression . Which one or more of the following is true about inbreeding depression ? It is the result of reproduction in closely related individuals . It can increase the likelihood of recessive genetic diseases . It results in more variation in alleles . Answers a and b are both true . Answers a and d about both true .arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a form of a heritable trait that enhances an individual’s fitness? Adaptation Lineage Fitnessarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true for a critically endangered species? Expression of deleterious alleles and increased homozygosity increases mortality of young, and inbreeding depression leads to reduced offspring fitness The individuals of the species which have declined to low numbers are still a genetically open system Loss of some allele from the species causing loss of genetic diversity with consequent inability to respond rapidly to selection Reduction of population breeding ability due to increased relatedness through the action of incompatibility mechanisms in plants or behavioural difficulties in animalsarrow_forward
- A population of ducks had dull orange bills and an average size of 18 inches from bill to tail. Over time, some researches noticed that the average size of the ducks was still 18 inches, but that now many ducks were either much smaller or much larger and no ducks were actually 18 inches long. The researcher correctly identified that the ducks were undergoing ___A___ selection for size, The researcher also noticed that the bills were a much brighter orange in the ducks, and correctly identified ____B____ selection for bill colouration. A few years later, the researcher returned and noticed that only the male ducks now had bright orange bills and the females were less bright. The researcher hypothesized that ____C____ selection was occurring. Question 4 options: 123 Disruptive 123 Sexual 123 Directional 1. A 2. B 3. Carrow_forwardDog breeds are an example of artificial selection, which means ______ selected for certain traits in dogs fill the balnkarrow_forwardUsing the concept of inclusive fitness (and kin selection), explain how altruistic behavior (e.g. where an individual protects for another, even at their own expense) can evolve by natural selection? Make sure to explain what inclusive fitness is. (remember the concentric circles on the slide)arrow_forward
- Changes in the Population There are four major types of selection when it comes to changes being made in an ecosystem. Natural Selection is the process of selecting traits that makes an organism most successful in its given environment. Directional Selection is when individuals at one end of the curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end. Stabilizing Selection is when individuals near the center of a curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end. Disruptive Selection is when individuals at the upper and lower ends of the curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle. Copyright © 2003-2022 International Academy of Science. All Rights Reserved. O to search (B How does natural selection change allele frequencies in populations? A. Natural selection controls the rate of mutations. B. Natural selection selects alleles that improve fitness. C. Natural selection has no control over allele frequency changes. Rain coming (8)arrow_forwardTypes of Selection Match each situation to the type of selection most likely to occur. NOTE: If you want to change your selection, you'll need to delete the one you already chose. After you delete it, the list of choices will pop back up and you can make a different choice. Rabbits with medium colored fur blend into the background, but very light or very dark fur colors are easier for predators to spot. disruptive selection Drab colored guppies are less likely to be eaten by predators, but brightly colored males are preferred by females. sexual selection Butterflies with small wings can easily find hiding places to escape predators. Butterflies with large wings can fly higher and faster to directional selection stabilizing selection escape predators. A species of rodent is vulnerable to cold weather when small, but able to keep warm when large.arrow_forwardWhich of the following best states a condition which promotes natural selection of aspecies? Group of answer choices One baby albino alligator, from a nest of 20 eggs, hatches in the Florida Everglades. An ocean ecosystem consists of more algae than fish species. The population of moths in a forest increased from 100 to 150 members. A female cat has a litter of 5 kittens instead of 6.arrow_forward
- This discussion provides you with some data about four pools of guppies. These pools have different turbidity (i.e. cloudiness), make-up of predators, depths, locations, numbers of guppies, and contain bright or drab-colored male guppies. Observe the data given about the pools and note any patterns you see that might relate to the color patterns of the male guppies. Selection pressures are an aspect of the environment that causes a change in characteristics over time. Then you will decide which of the selection pressures on the male guppies have resulted in the variations in color patterns you see in the data. 1. Try to give a concise (short) but rich description of each of the four guppy pools 2. What selection pressures caused the variation in the color pattern of male guppies? Support your claims with evidence. 3. Is it better to be bright or drab if you are a male guppy? Support your claims with evidence.arrow_forwardWhich of the following are examples of balancing selection? (select all that apply) Sickle-cell disease in humans Both dark and light morphs are maintained in a salmonid population Sexual dimorphism Birds within a population with very large or very small beaksarrow_forwardThe domestication or breeding of animals to have as pets, livestock on farms, or for work purposes is a form of artificial selection. Charles Darwin used these practices to support his theory of species change by natural selection. How is artificial selection similar to natural selection? When animals with favorable traits are bred with animals with unfavorable traits, the offspring will have favorable traits, so breeders were changing species by removing certain traits. For artificial selection to work, only the strong survive to reproduce. By breeding animals with specific traits, breeders were able to produce a wide variety of breeds within a short period of time. Artificial selection involves breeding two different species and determining if a hybrid organism can be produced.arrow_forward
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