Biology: Science for Life with Physiology (6th Edition) (Belk, Border & Maier, The Biology: Science for Life Series, 5th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134555430
Author: Colleen Belk, Virginia Borden Maier
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 2GFO
The theory of natural selection has been applied to human culture in many different realms. For instance, there is a general belief in the United States that “survival of the fittest” determines which people are rich and which are poor. How are the forces that produce differences in wealth among individuals like natural selection? How are they different?
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Natural selection is dependent on several factors, including the ability a population to survive and reproduce within a particular environment. How are both of these factors modeled?
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Biology: Science for Life with Physiology (6th Edition) (Belk, Border & Maier, The Biology: Science for Life Series, 5th Edition)
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- Consider the four postulates of natural selection. How have humans manipulated each of these postulates in natural or artificial systems?arrow_forwardA freshwater fish called the blue danio (Danio kerri) has pink stripes down its sides. What has to be true about color pattern in these fish for it to be subject to natural selection? Group of answer choices It can only be a trait that is due to one gene that only has 2 alleles. It must be identical in all individuals in the population. It must be derived from their diet – it can’t be a genetically-based trait. It must be a genetically-based trait. It must be present in males but not in females.arrow_forwardApply the VIDA table to the evolution of sickle cell disease to justify whether it is an instance of evolution by natural selection. Answer the following questions. Is there variation in this trait in the population? How exactly does it vary? Is the trait at least partly inherited? Is there selection for this trait in a particular environment? (What is the selective pressure? And how does a trait give an advantage or disadvantage in that environment?) What is the evidence that this trait makes organisms better adapted to their environment?arrow_forward
- #21 Answer the following questions about evolution. Number responses according to the questions (1-4). How can negative traits that don't show up until old age continue in populations? (Why aren't they eliminated through natural selection?) As part of answer, provide an example. Imagine a population of mice living in a grey, rocky environment. Some mice are grey and some are brown. If natural selection occurs in this population, what would someone expect to see if you returned in 100 mouse generations? Describe what someone see in terms of fur colors in the population. Imagine a population of mice living in a grey, rocky environment. Some mice are grey and some are brown. If mutations occur in this population, what could someone see if they returned in 100 mouse generations, that would tell them mutations had occurred? Describe what they would see in terms of fur colors in the population, and how it would be different from what they would see in #2. If dark skin helps protect…arrow_forwardA population consist of 7 mice. For the coat trait, there are only two alleles: brown B and white (b). BB and Bb mice are brown; bb mice are white. In the population's gene pool, there are 7 white alleles(b). a) what is the frequency of the brown allel in the population? b) what do you predict the frequency of the bb genotype will be in the next generation if no evolution takes place in the population?arrow_forwardConsider this example. On a tropical island, there are iguanas that are green, blue, and yellow. The green iguanas can camouflage in the green grass, the yellow iguanas can camouflage in the dry, yellow grass. And the blue iguanas try to run fast to get away from prey. Over time, the blue iguanas disappear on the island, while the green and yellow iguanas survive. What type of natural selection is this? A. Balancing or Stabilizing selection B. Disruptive or Diversifying selection C. Directional selection D. Sexual selectionarrow_forward
- In order for a trait to evolve via natural selection, which of the following must be true regarding the trait? (this is a multiple answer question - so select all correct) Group of answer choices There must be variation in the trait. The trait must make the organism survive longer than organisms with different traits. The trait must confer a reproductive advantage on the bearer of the trait. The trait must be heritable. The trait does not necessarily need to be passed down to offspring.arrow_forwardAs an experiment, Dr. Charles Someone released bunnies on an island where there were no natural predators and plenty of food and good bunny habitat. Before he released them, he noticed that the population had an equal number of bunnies with great heat resistance and bunnies without good heat resistance. Since the island was very hot, he suspected that evolution would occur to make the heat resistant allele more abundant than the heat susceptible allele. He comes back after many years and observes the bunnies, only to find that the heat resistant bunnies are not the majority. In fact, the alleles for the susceptibility vastly outnumber the ones for resistance. What is going on? Choose the best answer. O a. Random chance, and not evolution. Evolution only happens with beneficial alleles O b. Random chance, and evolution. Evolution can happen with beneficial or deleterious alleles O c. Natural selection must be choosing the susceptible bunnies for a reason O d. None of thesearrow_forwardThe relative fitnesses of A1A1, A1A2, and A2A2 are 0.5,0.8 and 1 respectively. What is the expected result of natural selection in this selection? a.) A1 will increase and A2 will decrease. b.) A2 will increase and A1 will decrease. c. Both alleles will decrease in frequency d.) A stable equilibrium will be achieved in which both alleles are maintained e.) An unstable equilibrium will exist and the outcome depends on the allele frequencies.arrow_forward
- Evolution is a change in frequencies of alleles in the gene pool of a population. This definition of evolution was developed a result of the work in the 20th century by Hardy and Weinberg. Through mathematical modeling based on probability, they concluded that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation absence of evolutionary influences. Evolution will not occur in a population if seven conditions are met: 1. mutation is not occurring 2. natural selection is not occurring 3. the population is infinitely large 4. all members of the population breed 5. mating is totally random 6. everyone produces the same number of offspring 7. there is migration in or out of the population One of the criteria in the prompt above has been mis-typed. Correct the erroneous phrase so evolution will NOT occur.A) (5) There is sexual selection.B) (1) Mutation occurs within the population.C) (4) The fittest members of the population breed.D) (7)…arrow_forwardThe domestication or breeding of animals to have as pets, livestock on farms, or for work purposes is a form of artificial selection. Charles Darwin used these practices to support his theory of species change by natural selection. How is artificial selection similar to natural selection? When animals with favorable traits are bred with animals with unfavorable traits, the offspring will have favorable traits, so breeders were changing species by removing certain traits. For artificial selection to work, only the strong survive to reproduce. By breeding animals with specific traits, breeders were able to produce a wide variety of breeds within a short period of time. Artificial selection involves breeding two different species and determining if a hybrid organism can be produced.arrow_forwardYou are a scientist studying a population of beetles. Beetle color is controlled by two alleles at a single genetic locus. AA beetles are blue, Aa purple, and aa pink. You count 30 blue beetles, 10 purple beetles, and 40 pink beetles. a) What is the frequency of the A allele? [ Select ] b) What is the observed frequency of the Aa genotype? 1 Select ] c) Under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the expected frequency of the aa gentoype? [ Select ] d) Is this beetle population evolving? I Select ]arrow_forward
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