Biology: Science for Life with Physiology (6th Edition) (Belk, Border & Maier, The Biology: Science for Life Series, 5th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134555430
Author: Colleen Belk, Virginia Borden Maier
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 1AAATB
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
The reason for the evolution of domesticated strawberries from their smaller and less sweet wild ancestors.
Introduction:
Natural selection can be defined as a differential reproduction and survival of individuals as a result of changes in
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One problem with this line of criticism is that it is difficult to distinguish good forms of manipulating nature from unacceptable ones. Some critics of GMOs argue that we ought to leave species as we find them, and that it is the cross-species transfers of genetic material involved in some GMOs that make them unacceptable.
One problem with this objection is that similar transfers have occurred in nature—from basic plant genetics to the long-term patterns of evolution.
Please explain what does it mean
(see image attached)
a) In what ways are floral traits similar or different between hawkmoth and bat pollination syndromes
b) In what ways are floral traits similar or different between bee and bat pollination syndromes
c) Which pollinator shift is more likely to lead to reproductive isolation between populations that have the ancestral pollinator and populations that have bat pollinators?
a) hawkmoth to bat
b) bee to bat
and why? / rationale
Genes control thousands of different traits in plants. These genes can be selected for during natural selection (which drives evolution) and artificial selection (which drives domestication of dogs, crops, etc). During the domestication of modern tomato, describe the traits that were and were not selected.
In your own words, describe in 2-3 sentences why domesticated tomatoes bought at a grocery store are lackluster compared to heirlooms or wild tomatoes.
What are a few genetic and non-genetic traits that control tomato flavor and taste?
Chapter 12 Solutions
Biology: Science for Life with Physiology (6th Edition) (Belk, Border & Maier, The Biology: Science for Life Series, 5th Edition)
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- If you wanted to domesticate a new crop species, and used 2 traits that you selected for during domestication of a wild plant. what are some challenges the plant will face given the knowledge of traits selected/how environments change?arrow_forwardWhat is a lethal allele? Would you expect most lethal alleles to be recessive (that is, only ll is fatal), or would you expect many of them to be dominant (LL and Ll are both fatal)? Do you think a plant carrying a dominant lethal allele would survive very long? Do you think such a plant could become abundant in the population?arrow_forwardThe flea beetle (P. nemorum) can survive on multiple types of plants, including radishes, eggplants and tomatoes. There is a dominant gene allele that allows P. nemorum to live on Bittercress (B. vulgaris). Radishes, eggplants and tomatoes all have some phenotypes that resist damage by P. nemorum and thus survive better. There are many different biological scenarios that can be modeled by PopG with the above information. Select alternative hypothesis that can be modeled by a one locus, two allele program like PopG. Select one or more: O A resistant-flea beetle allele in radishes will change its allele frequency in the presence of the flea beetle (P. nemorum). O Tomatoes and radishes will grow better without the flea beetle in the environment. O The Ballele allowing flea beetle (P. nemorum) growth on Bittercress, will become change its frequency in an environment with predominant Bittercress.arrow_forward
- This is a picture of a plant that grows in the tundra with the common name arctic willow. Plants that evolved in the tundra would be classified as stress tolerators, rather than competitors or ruderals in the classification diagram we discussed in class that is based on three factors, stress, competition, and disturbance). What traits would you expect the arctic willow to have relative to competitors and ruderals? Select all that apply. O Arctic willow allocates a greater proportion of its resources to make leaves and roots that to flower and make seeds Arctic willow is less likely to reproduce vegetatively than an annual plant adapted for low competition, low stress and high disturbance Arctic willow will grow slowly even if it grows in optimal conditions Arctic willow is likely to reproduce later in its life cyclearrow_forwardIn general, larger plants have larger organs. So, one option for increased yields is to breed and grow for the largest size possible. However, there are practical reasons to growing smaller plants. What are some drawbacks to breeding and growing increasingly large plants? List and briefly explain two possible reasons.arrow_forwardWhat is the magnitude of inbreeding depression if selfed offspring have four times lower fitness than outcrossed offspring? Under these circumstances, would it be advantageous for a plant to continue self-fertilizing? Explain.arrow_forward
- Some evening primrose plants (Oenothera biennis) produce seeds that are not palatable to their predators, the Mompha brevivitella moth, while other plants produce seeds that are eaten more often by the moths. Which of the following conditions is not required for natural selection to occur, with respect to the trait of seeds that are not palatable to the moth predator? In other words, which is not necessary for the adaptation of unpalatable seeds to increase in proportion in the population? (Choose one.) a)There is phenotypic variation in the population of plants. b)The variation in the palatability of the seeds is passed from generation to generation of plants. c)There is competition between the plants for limited resources. d)Plants with unpalatable seeds are more likely to reproduce than plants with seeds that are eaten by the moths.arrow_forwardIn the garden shed belonging to one of this text’s authors, stabilizing selection has occurred over the past 10 years in the house mouse, Mus musculus. Which of the following scenarios is an example of stabilizing selection? (a) Small and medium-sized mice cannot reach the seed shelf in the shed and therefore are at a disadvantage for finding food, so they do not survive and reproduce as well as large mice do.(b) Small mice cannot reach the seed shelf, and large mice are easily seen by hawks circling above. Medium-sized mice therefore survive and reproduce better than both small and large mice. (c) Small mice can easily cross the yard to the vegetable garden, and large mice can easily reach the seed shelf. Medium-sized mice have trouble with the seed shelf and are seen by hawks in the yard. Small and large mice survive and reproduce much better than medium-sized mice. (d) All of these are examples of stabilizing selection. (e) None of these are examples of stabilizing selection.arrow_forwardSay there is a population of plants that live in a wetland, and are adapted to tolerate both flooding and drought. One year, the wetland floods completely, and only the most water-tolerant plants are able to survive. The wetland never drains, and over many years the plants adapt to stay submerged all year. Many generations later, the wetland returns to being wet and dry, and the entire population dies out. Is this an example of a historical constraint or genetic correlation?arrow_forward
- Evolution determines the change in inherited traits over time to ensure survival. There are three variants identified as Variant 1 with high reproductive rate, eats fruits and seeds; Variant 2, thick fur, produces toxins; and Variant 3 with thick fur, fast and resistant to disease. These variants are found in a cool, wet, and soil environment. In time 0 years with cool and wet environment, the population is 50,000 with 10,000 Variant 1, 15,000 Variant 2, and 25,000 of Variant 3. Two thousand years past, the environment remained the same with constant average temperature and rainfall. Variant 1 with a population of 26,000, Variant 2, 35,000, and Variant 3, 62,000. A disease spread throughout the population. However the population increased to 72,000. Determine the percentage increase in the population of the variants.arrow_forwardImagine that researchers are studying 2 populations of a hypothetical flowering plant, Darwinius beardii. Individual plants of population "A" grow to an average height of 25 cm, while those of population "B" average 40 cm. The flowers of population "A" are light purple and open in mid-April, while those of population "B" are dark purple with white spots and open in early May. These 2 populations are geographically separated by a large river, and geological and molecular genetic evidence suggests that they have been separated for at least 10 million years, during which time evolutionary divergence has occured. Yet, when individuals from each population are brought into the lab, they readily mate with individuals of the other population. Under which species concept(s) would the plants of the 2 populations be considered the SAME species? O A. Biological species concept O B. Phenetic species concept O C. Phylogenetic species concept O D. both the Phenetic and Phylogenetic species conceptsarrow_forwardIn biology, what do you think does the garden peas has as a good model for genetic studies? A.) Few offsprings per generation B.) Has several paired characteristics C.) Long generation time D.) Only capanble of self-fertilizationarrow_forward
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