Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 12, Problem 8TYU
The statement “
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(a) Eukaryotic DNA replication is more complex than prokaryotic replication. Give one reason why this should be so.
(b) Why might eukaryotic cells need more kinds of DNA polymerases than bacteria?
Spontaneous deamination of cytosine bases in DNA takes place at low but measurable frequency. Cytosine is converted into uracil by loss of its amino group. After this conversion, which base pair occupies this position in each of the daughter strands resulting from one round of replication? Two rounds of replication? (a) How many different 8-mer sequences of DNA are there? (Hint: There are 16 possible dinucleotides and 64 possible trinucleotides.) We can quantify the information- carrying capacity of nucleic acids in the following way. Each position can be one of four bases, corresponding to two bits of information (2² = 4). Thus, a chain of 5100 nucleotides corresponds to 2 × 5100 = 10,200 bits, or 1275 bytes (1 byte =8 bits). (b) How many bits of information are stored in an 8-mer DNA sequence? In the E. coli genome? In the human genome? (c) Compare each of these values with the amount of information that can be stored on a computer compact disc, or CD (about 700 megabytes).
Which of the following statements are TRUE?I. DNA replication is a semiconservative process wherein the two resulting double helices consist of one new strand and one parental strand.II. The DNA strand that is used to make a complementary daughter strand is called the parental strand.III. The precursor of each new nucleotide in the DNA strand is a deoxynucleoside 3′-triphosphate.IV. The incoming nucleotide always attaches to 5′-phosphate of the previously added nucleotide
a. I only
b. II only
c. I and IV
d. III and IV
Chapter 12 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 12.1 - Summarize the evidence that accumulated during the...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 12.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 12.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 12.2 - Explain how nucleotide subunits link to form a...Ch. 12.2 - Describe how the two strands of DNA are oriented...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 12.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 12.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 12.2 - Prob. 3C
Ch. 12.3 - Cite evidence from Meselson and Stahls experiment...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 7LOCh. 12.3 - Explain the complexities of DNA replication that...Ch. 12.3 - Discuss how enzymes proofread and repair errors in...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 10LOCh. 12.3 - How did the ability to distinguish old and newly...Ch. 12.3 - What feature of DNA structure causes DNA...Ch. 12.3 - What is the reason that eukaryotic cells require...Ch. 12 - When Griffith injected mice with a combination of...Ch. 12 - Which of the following inspired Avery and his...Ch. 12 - In the Hershey-Chase experiment with...Ch. 12 - The two complementary strands of the DNA double...Ch. 12 - If a segment of DNA is 5 CATTAC 3, the...Ch. 12 - Each DNA strand has a backbone that consists of...Ch. 12 - The experiments in which Meselson and Stahl grew...Ch. 12 - The statement DNA replicates by a semiconservative...Ch. 12 - Topoisomerases (a) synthesize DNA (b) synthesize...Ch. 12 - A lagging strand forms by (a) joining primers (b)...Ch. 12 - The immediate source of energy for DNA replication...Ch. 12 - Which of the following statements about eukaryotic...Ch. 12 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 12 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 12 - Prob. 15TYUCh. 12 - INTERPRET DATA In the Hershey-Chase experiment,...Ch. 12 - EVOLUTION LINK How does DNA being the universal...
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- Which of the following statements are TRUE?I. DNA replication is a semiconservative process wherein the two resulting double helices consist of one new strand and one parental strand.II. The DNA strand that is used to make a complementary daughter strand is called the parental strand.III. The precursor of each new nucleotide in the DNA strand is a deoxynucleoside 3′-triphosphate.IV. The incoming nucleotide always attaches to 5′-phosphate of the previously added nucleotidearrow_forwardOne strand of a single DNA helix is labeled red while the other strand of the same DNA helix is labeled blue. This double helix DNA is replicated through the process of semi-conservative replication. Note that a completely newly synthesized strand of DNA will be white. After three rounds of DNA replication, how many all-white DNA (both strands are white) will there be? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forward(a) What will be the problem during DNA replication if the enzyme primase becomes non-functional? (b) In which step of the central dogma is the genetic information of DNA copied into new DNA strands? (c) Which of the following codons is a start codon: GCU, AUG or UGA?arrow_forward
- Semi-conservative replication means (a) when DNA is replicated it consists one old strand and one new strand (b) the strands are anti-parallel (c) the strands are complementary (d) A=T, G=C (e) none of the abovearrow_forward(5) What are these short DNA fragments usually called? (6) Which enzyme probably functions here to couple these two newly synthesized fragments of DNA? (7) Is this strand the leading or lagging strand?arrow_forwardDNA replication is semi-conservative, this statement means that Question 6 options: a) the new DNA molecules that are made are not identical to the original DNA molecule. b) the new DNA molecules that are made are only partially DNA since RNA primers are included. c) the new DNA molecules that are made are composed of one strand of the old DNA molecule and one strand of new DNA. d) of the two new DNA molecules made, one is entirely new DNA and one is entirely old new. e) the new DNA molecules that are made have a mixture of old and new DNA in each strand of the DNA duplex, randomly interspersed.arrow_forward
- Each of the following terms refers to the replication of chromosomes. Describe the role (relationship) of each in (to) chromosome replication. (a) Okazaki fragment (b) Lagging strand (c) Bidirectionalarrow_forwardDNA replication results in (a) two DNA molecules—one with two old strands, and one with two new strands. (b) two DNA molecules, each of which has two new strands. (c) two DNA molecules, each of which has one old strand and one new strand. (d) none of the abovearrow_forwardDescribe the functions of the following proteins during DNA replication: (i) Polymerase epsilon (ii) Polymerase alpha (iii) Dna A (iv) Telomerasearrow_forward
- In the diagram of replication shown here, fill in the blanks with the appropriate terms: (a) base pair, (b) base, (c) nucleotide, (d) template strand, (e) newly synthesized strand, (f) separating strands.arrow_forwardWhen DNA is heated sufficiently, the strands separate. The energy that it takes to separate the DNA is related to the amount of guanine and cytosine bases. Why is this so? (A) Adenine and thymine make 3 hydrogen bonds between each other, and guanine and cytosine don't make any hydrogen bonds. (B) Guanine and cytosine make 3 hydrogen bonds between each other, and adenine and thymine don't make any hydrogen bonds. (C) It takes more energy to break an A-T bond than it does a G-C bond. (D) It takes more energy to break a G-C bond than it does an A-T bond.arrow_forward(1) Which end (5' or 3') of the molecule is here? (2) Which enzyme is probably functioning here to deal with supercoils in the DNA? (3) Which enzyme is probably functioning here to unwind the DNA? (4) Which nucleic acid is probably depicted here? (5) What are these short DNA fragments usually called? (6) Which enzyme probably functions here to couple these two newly synthesized fragments of DNA? (7) Is this strand the leading or lagging strand? (8) Which end (5' or 3') of the molecule is here?arrow_forward
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