Chapter 11.4, Problem 1RQ

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The orbital diagram for the elements Si, N, Na, Ca, Ne and O needs to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Orbital diagram of an element is a grouped boxed representation of electrons using small arrows.

Answer to Problem 1RQ

Orbital diagram of

Si $\begin{array}{l}\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\underset{\_}{\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }}\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\underset{\_}{\boxed{\uparrow }\boxed{\uparrow }\boxed{}}\\ \text{1s}\text{2s}\text{2p}\text{3s}\text{3p}\end{array}$

N $\begin{array}{l}\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\underset{\_}{\boxed{\uparrow }\boxed{\uparrow }\boxed{\uparrow }}\\ \text{1s}\text{2s}\text{2p}\end{array}$

Na $\begin{array}{l}\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\underset{\_}{\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }}\boxed{\uparrow }\\ \text{1s}\text{2s}\text{2p}3\text{s}\end{array}$

Ca $\begin{array}{l}\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\underset{\_}{\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }}\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\underset{\_}{\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }}\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\\ \text{1s}\text{2s}\text{2p}3\text{s}3\text{p}4\text{s}\end{array}$

Ne $\begin{array}{l}\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\underset{\_}{\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }}\\ \text{1s}\text{2s}\text{2p}\end{array}$

O $\begin{array}{l}\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\underset{\_}{\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow }\boxed{\uparrow }}\\ \text{1s}\text{2s}\text{2p}\end{array}$

Explanation of Solution

For lithium, the electron configuration and box diagram are:

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{Li}{\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^{\text{2}}\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\underset{\_}{\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }}\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\underset{\_}{\boxed{\uparrow }\boxed{\uparrow }\boxed{}}\\ \text{Configuration}\text{Orbital}\text{diagram}\end{array}$

The electron configuration and box diagram of nitrogen are:

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{N}{\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^3\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\underset{\_}{\boxed{\uparrow }\boxed{\uparrow }\boxed{\uparrow }}\\ \text{Configuration}\text{Orbital}\text{diagram}\\ \end{array}$

The electron configuration and box diagram of sodium are:

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{Na}{\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{3s}}^1\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\underset{\_}{\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }}\boxed{\uparrow }\\ \text{Configuration}\text{Orbital}\text{diagram}\end{array}$

The electron configuration and box diagram of calcium are:

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{Ca}{\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{4s}}^{\text{2}}\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\underset{\_}{\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }}\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\underset{\_}{\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }}\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\\ \text{Configuration}\text{Orbital}\text{diagram}\end{array}$

The electron configuration and box diagram of neon are:

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{Ne}{\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\underset{\_}{\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }}\\ \text{Configuration}\text{Orbital}\text{diagram}\end{array}$

The electron configuration and box diagram of neon are:

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{O}{\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^4\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\underset{\_}{\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow }\boxed{\uparrow }\boxed{\uparrow }}\\ \text{Configuration}\text{Orbital}\text{diagram}\end{array}$

Conclusion

In neon, the orbitals with $\text{n}=\text{1}$ and $\text{n}=2$ are completely filled and in calcium, the orbitals with $\text{n}=\text{1}$ , $\text{n}=2$ , $\text{n}=3$ and $\text{n}=4$ are completely filled.