
(a)
Interpretation:
Valence electronic configuration using previous noble gas of phosphorus with Z=15 should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Electronic configuration can be assigned to any elements in ground when they follow certain rules like Hund rule, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Aufbau rule. If
No two electrons in an atom can have same group of four quantum numbers and this is Pauli Exclusion Principle.
While filling of orbital’s, electron first enters to each energy level with degenerate energy before paring of electron begins and this is Hund’s rules.
(a)

Answer to Problem 45A
Valence electronic configuration using previous noble gas of phosphorus with Z=15 is as follows:
[Ne]3s23p3
Explanation of Solution
As per Aufbau rule electrons are filled in lower energy orbitals that are closer to the nucleus before they are filled in higher energy ones. The order of orbital arranged in their increasing energies is as follows:
1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p< 6s<4f<5d<6p<7s<5f<6d<7p .
So complete electronic configuration of phosphorus with Z=15 is as follows:
1s22s22p63s23p3
Hence valence electronic configuration using previous noble gas of phosphorus with Z=15 is as follows:
[Ne]3s23p3
(b)
Interpretation:
Valence electronic configuration using previous noble gas of chlorine with Z=17 should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Electronic configuration can be assigned to any elements in ground when they follow certain rules like Hund rule, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Aufbau rule. If atomic number of an element is Z then Z numbers of electrons are filled into the orbitals which are arranged in increasing order of energy.
No two electrons in an atom can have same group of four quantum numbers and this is Pauli Exclusion Principle.
While filling of orbital’s, electron first enters to each energy level with degenerate energy before paring of electron begins and this is Hund’s rules.
(b)

Answer to Problem 45A
Valence electronic configuration using previous noble gas of chlorine with Z=17 is as follows:
[Ne]3s23p5
Explanation of Solution
As per Aufbau rule electrons are filled in lower energy orbitals that are closer to the nucleus before they are filled in higher energy ones. The order of orbital arranged in their increasing energies is as follows:
1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p< 6s<4f<5d<6p<7s<5f<6d<7p .
So complete electronic configuration of chlorine with Z=17 is as follows:
1s22s22p63s23p5
Hence valence electronic configuration using previous noble gas of chlorine with Z=17 is as follows:
[Ne]3s23p5
(c)
Interpretation:
Valence electronic configuration using previous noble gas of magnesium with Z=12 should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Electronic configuration can be assigned to any elements in ground when they follow certain rules like Hund rule, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Aufbau rule. If atomic number of an element is Z then Z numbers of electrons are filled into the orbitals which are arranged in increasing order of energy.
No two electrons in an atom can have same group of four quantum numbers and this is Pauli Exclusion Principle.
While filling of orbital’s, electron first enters to each energy level with degenerate energy before paring of electron begins and this is Hund’s rules.
(c)

Answer to Problem 45A
Valence electronic configuration using previous noble gas of magnesium with Z=12 is as follows:
[Ne]3s2
Explanation of Solution
As per Aufbau rule electrons are filled in lower energy orbitals that are closer to the nucleus before they are filled in higher energy ones. The order of orbital arranged in their increasing energies is as follows:
1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p< 6s<4f<5d<6p<7s<5f<6d<7p .
So complete electronic configuration of magnesium with Z=12 is as follows:
1s22s22p63s2
Hence valence electronic configuration using previous noble gas of magnesium with Z=12 is as follows:
[Ne]3s2
(d)
Interpretation:
Valence electronic configuration using previous noble gas of zinc with Z=30 should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Electronic configuration can be assigned to any elements in ground when they follow certain rules like Hund rule, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Aufbau rule. If atomic number of an element is Z then Z numbers of electrons are filled into the orbitals which are arranged in increasing order of energy.
No two electrons in an atom can have same group of four quantum numbers and this is Pauli Exclusion Principle.
While filling of orbital’s, electron first enters to each energy level with degenerate energy before paring of electron begins and this is Hund’s rules.
(d)

Answer to Problem 45A
Valence electronic configuration using previous noble gas of zinc with Z=30 is as follows:
[Ar]3d104s2
Explanation of Solution
As per Aufbau rule electrons are filled in lower energy orbitals that are closer to the nucleus before they are filled in higher energy ones. The order of orbital arranged in their increasing energies is as follows:
1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p< 6s<4f<5d<6p<7s<5f<6d<7p .
So complete electronic configuration of zinc with Z=30 is as follows:
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s2
Hence valence electronic configuration using previous noble gas of zinc with Z=30 is as follows:
[Ar]3d104s2
Chapter 11 Solutions
World of Chemistry, 3rd edition
- b) Certain cyclic compounds are known to be conformationally similar to carbohydrates, although they are not themselves carbohydrates. One example is Compound C shown below, which could be imagined as adopting four possible conformations. In reality, however, only one of these is particularly stable. Circle the conformation you expect to be the most stable, and provide an explanation to justify your choice. For your explanation to be both convincing and correct, it must contain not only words, but also "cartoon" orbital drawings contrasting the four structures. Compound C Possible conformations (circle one): Детarrow_forwardLab Data The distance entered is out of the expected range. Check your calculations and conversion factors. Verify your distance. Will the gas cloud be closer to the cotton ball with HCI or NH3? Did you report your data to the correct number of significant figures? - X Experimental Set-up HCI-NH3 NH3-HCI Longer Tube Time elapsed (min) 5 (exact) 5 (exact) Distance between cotton balls (cm) 24.30 24.40 Distance to cloud (cm) 9.70 14.16 Distance traveled by HCI (cm) 9.70 9.80 Distance traveled by NH3 (cm) 14.60 14.50 Diffusion rate of HCI (cm/hr) 116 118 Diffusion rate of NH3 (cm/hr) 175.2 175.2 How to measure distance and calculate ratearrow_forwardFor the titration of a divalent metal ion (M2+) with EDTA, the stoichiometry of the reaction is typically: 1:1 (one mole of EDTA per mole of metal ion) 2:1 (two moles of EDTA per mole of metal ion) 1:2 (one mole of EDTA per two moles of metal ion) None of the abovearrow_forward
- Please help me solve this reaction.arrow_forwardIndicate the products obtained by mixing 2,2-dimethylpropanal with acetaldehyde and sodium ethoxide in ethanol.arrow_forwardSynthesize 2-Ethyl-3-methyloxirane from dimethyl(propyl)sulfonium iodide using the necessary organic or inorganic reagents. Draw the structures of the compounds.arrow_forward
- Synthesize 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetonitrile from phenylmethanol using the necessary organic or inorganic reagents. Draw the structures of the compounds.arrow_forwardSynthesize N-Methylcyclohexylamine from cyclohexanol using the necessary organic or inorganic reagents. Draw the structures of the compounds.arrow_forwardSynthesize N-Methylcyclohexylamine from cyclohexanol using the necessary organic or inorganic reagents. Draw the structures of the compounds.arrow_forward
- If possible, please provide the formula of the compound 3,3-dimethylbut-2-enal.arrow_forwardSynthesize 1,4-dibromobenzene from acetanilide (N-phenylacetamide) using the necessary organic or inorganic reagents. Draw the structures of the compounds.arrow_forwardIndicate the products obtained by mixing (3-oxo-3-phenylpropyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide with sodium hydride.arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY





