Chapter 11, Problem 58A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Each type of reaction must be identified.

Concept Introduction: In a chemical reaction, reactants react to produce one or more products. A single reactant can also show a chemical reaction. The type of chemical reaction depends on the reactant species and reaction conditions. Some of the types of chemical reactions are combustion reactions, displacement reactions, precipitation reactions, endothermic reactions, exothermic reactions, etc.

Explanation of Solution

The given reactions are as follows:

1. Aluminum reacting with bromine.
2. The reaction of copper with aqueous silver nitrate.
3. Propane reacting with oxygen.
4. The reaction of lead (II) nitrate with potassium iodide.

When aluminum reacts with bromine, the reaction results in the heating of the test tube. Here, heat results in aluminum melting and it floats on top of the liquid bromine. This results in the formation of an aluminum bromide solid. This is shown in the photo (1). The type of reaction is an exothermic reaction.

The reaction of copper with aqueous silver nitrate results in the production of silver crystals and blue color copper nitrate solution. This is shown in the photo (2). The type of reaction is displacement reaction.

The reaction of propane with oxygen is a combustion reaction. It is represented in the photo (3). The type of reaction is a combustion reaction.

The reaction of lead (II) nitrate with potassium iodide causes an exchange of ions between them and the products formed are potassium nitrate and lead iodide. Here, lead iodide is a yellow precipitate. This is shown in the photo (4). The type of reaction is double displacement and precipitation reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The equation for each type of reaction needs to be written.

Concept Introduction: In a chemical reaction, reactants react to produce one or more products. A single reactant can also show a chemical reaction. The type of chemical reaction depends on the reactant species and reaction conditions. The best way to represent a chemical reaction is its chemical equation where symbols for atoms of an element and chemical formula of compounds are used to represent the reactant and product species.

Explanation of Solution

In photo (1), aluminum reacts with bromine to generate heat and light. The reaction results in the formation of solid aluminum bromide. The chemical equation is as follows:

  $\text{2Al}\left(s\right)+3{\text{Br}}_{\text{2}}\left(l\right)\to 2{\text{AlBr}}_{\text{3}}\left(s\right)$

In photo (2), the Copper metal reacts with aqueous silver nitrate to produce silver crystals and blue color copper nitrate solution. The chemical equation is as follows:

  $Cu\left(s\right)+{\text{AgNO}}_{\text{3}}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{CuNO}}_{\text{3}}\left(aq\right)+\text{Ag}\left(s\right)$

In photo (3), the combustion of propane with oxygen is shown. It occurs in the presence of oxygen and the products formed are water and carbon dioxide. The chemical reaction is represented as follows:

  ${\text{C}}_{\text{3}}{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}\left(g\right)+{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to {\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(g\right)$

In photo (4), the reaction of lead (II) nitrate with potassium iodide is shown. This results in the formation of potassium nitrate and lead iodide. The chemical reaction is represented as follows:

  $\text{Pb}{\left({\text{NO}}_3\right)}_2\left(aq\right)+\text{KI}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{KNO}}_3\left(aq\right)+{\text{PbI}}_2\left(s\right)$