Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134711751
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 11, Problem 12SQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: How mutation in a single gene can cause a major change in the body structure of a fruit fly and mention such genes.
Concept introduction:
Homeotic genes are the master control genes that regulate other genes. During early embryonic development, these determine the location and development of anatomical structures in an organism during morphogenesis. Homeotic genes in most animals known as Hox genes encode transcription factor proteins that contain a homeodomain region.
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You are working in a lab that studies stickleback fish. These fish normally have three spines that occur on the back of the stickleback. One day you notice that a young stickleback has no spines on its back but instead has three spines growing out of the top of its head! (answer both questions)
question 1: A mutation in what type of gene is probably the cause of this unusual situation? Why?
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Synpolydactyly is an abnormality characterized by webbing between partially or completely duplicated fingers or toes (Figure 18.15). The same mutations that cause the human phenotype give rise to a similar phenotype in mice. In what family of genes do you think these mutations occur?
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (6th Edition)
Ch. 11 - Your bone cells, muscle cells, and skin cells look...Ch. 11 - A group of prokaryotic genes with related...Ch. 11 - The regulation of gene expression must be more...Ch. 11 - A eukaryotic gene was inserted into the DNA of a...Ch. 11 - How does dense packing of DNA in chromosomes...Ch. 11 - What evidence demonstrates that differentiated...Ch. 11 - The most common procedure for cloning an animal is...Ch. 11 - What is learned from a DNA microarray?Ch. 11 - Which of the following is a substantial difference...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10SQ
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- What is the most likely method by which a gene produces red eyes in fruit flies? the gene codes for an enzyme that changes a colorless chemical into a red chemical in the cells of the eye the gene codes for an enzyme that is red a mutation changes the coding sequence of the gene so that it codes for a red protein instead of a white protein the gene codes for a chemical that is red in colorarrow_forwardOne unexpected result of the sequencing of the human genome was the finding that mutations in a single gene can be responsible for multiple distinct disorders. How do you think mutations in a single gene can have such diverse effects?arrow_forwardWhat is the last name of the scientist who discovered that x-rays can increase the rate of mutation in fruit flies?arrow_forward
- Mutations in DNA may or may not result in a change in the phenotype of an organism. In which of the following situations will a mutation appear in the phenotype of an individual? The mutation occurs in an organism which is past reproductive age The genetic code for protein synthesis has not been altered in a gamete producing cell The mutation occurs in a body cell of the organism, resulting in cancer O The mutation results in a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein in a gamete producing cellarrow_forwardIn humans, the AMY1 gene produces the enzyme amylase in cells of the salivary glands. Amylase breaks down starch (a polysaccharide) into the sugar maltose (a disaccharide). People from cultures with diets high in starch produce more amylase than people from cultures with diets low in starch because of a mutation in the AMY1 gene. Explain in two to three sentences why the frequency of this AMY1 mutation would have increased in frequency in populations with a high starch diet.arrow_forwardOccasionally, a person is found who has one blue eye and one brown eye or who has a sector of one eye a different color from the rest. Can these phenotypes be explained by new mutations? If so, in what types of cells must the mutations occur?arrow_forward
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- Cloning is the process of creating genetically identical organisms. One simple method of cloning is called artificial embryo twinning. In this process, an early stage embryo is separated into two groups of cells. Each group of cells is then allowed to develop. The embryos are then implanted into the surrogate mother. Each embryo is genetically identical to the other. Some pregnancies in humans have a similar result. Explain how identical twins are formed. Compare and contrast the natural formation of identical twins to the artificial embryo twinning process. Explain how the formation of identical twins or the process of artificial embryo twinning differs from the formation of fraternal twins.arrow_forwardConsider Molecule X, which is found in all living cells. This molecule is transcribed from a stretch of DNA in the nucleus. Each nucleobase on the DNA produces a matching nucleobase on this molecule. Every 3-base codon specifies an amino acid in a protein. What is the name of X? Your answer should be one word, or a short two- or three-word phrase. Spelling counts. Note: if there is more than one possible answer, separate each answer with a comma. x 5arrow_forwardIn an epic battle, the Green Goblin was able to wound Spider-Man and collect a sample of his cells. Utilizing a HuMouse model organism, the Goblin got the mutated chromosomes into the animals and began breeding them to determine the basis of their chromosomal inheritance. In the process of conducting his research, he discovered the gene associated with spider-like powers are actually three distinct genes: one for spider sense; one for super strength; one for enhanced agility. All genes appear to be dominant, so the Goblin runs a test cross and gets the following results: Phenotype Agility Number of Progeny 94 Agility and Sense 3 All 3 Powers 580 Sense 40 Strength and Agility Strength and Sense Strength 45 89 5 No Powers 592 What is the map distance between Strength and Agility genes? (Enter your number as map units, or centiMorgans, but without units)arrow_forward
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