During the summer of 1988, fires burned much of Yellowstone National Park, leaving a patchwork of burned and unburned areas. In the year following the fires, wildflowers sprouted in all the burned areas, closely followed in subsequent years byseedlings of the trees that normally grow in the area, such as aspens and lodgepole pines.What changes in the ecosystem will take place during secondary succession?The trees will not grow well because of the toxic chemicals produced by the flowers and the ashes of the fireThe flowers will shade out the small trees creating a permanent meadowThe flowers will deplete the soil of nutrients and the area will become a desertThe flowers will be replaced by shrubs, the shrubs will be replaced by trees, until eventually the area resembles the unburned areas Mutations in DNA may or may not result in a change in the phenotype of an organism. In which of the following situations will a mutation appear in the phenotype of an individual?The mutation occurs in an organism which is past reproductive ageThe genetic code for protein synthesis has not been altered in a gamete producing cellThe mutation occurs in a body cell of the organism, resulting in cancerO The mutation results in a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein in a gamete producing cell

Ecological succession can be defined as the gradual progressive accumulation of changes in the…

Mutations in DNA may or may not result in a change in the phenotype of an organism. In which of the following situations will a mutation appear in the phenotype of an individual? O The mutation occurs in an organism which is past reproductive age O The genetic code for protein synthesis has not been altered in a gamete producing cell O The mutation occurs in a body cell of the organism, resulting in cancer O The mutation results in a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein in a gamete producing cell

Mutations in DNA may or may not result in a change in the phenotype of an organism. In which of the following situations will a mutation appear in the phenotype of an individual? O The mutation occurs in an organism which is past reproductive age O The genetic code for protein synthesis has not been altered in a gamete producing cell O The mutation occurs in a body cell of the organism, resulting in cancer O The mutation results in a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein in a gamete producing cell

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter12: Genes And Cancer

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6QP

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Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a disease that manifests in muscle weakness. It exhibits X-linked recessive inheritance pattern. The dystrophin gene is large and can have many different mutations along the DNA. From the following mutations between the gene sequence (DNA template strand) of a healthy male and an affected brother determine if they would affect the production of mRNA or the sequence of the protein. Base your analysis on the position of the mutation in the transcription unit, and the impact of the change on the codons. Mutation 1: Position -6 Healthy individual A Affected brother C Group of answer choices A. Normal mRNA, normal protein B. No mRNA produced (promoter affected) C. Abnormal mRNA, affected protein D. Normal mRNA, affected protein Base your analysis on the position of the mutation in the transcription unit, and the impact of the change on the codons.
One unexpected result of the sequencing of the human genome was the finding that mutations in a single gene can be responsible for multiple distinct disorders. For example, mutations in the RET gene can cause two different types of multiple endocrine neoplasias, familial medullary thyroid carcinoma, and Hirschsprung disease. How do you think mutations in a single gene can have such diverse effects?
How do germ-line mutations differ from somatic mutations? Germ-line mutations are reversible, while somatic mutations are not. Germ-line mutations result in mutant gametes, while somatic mutations do not. Germ-line mutations occur during DNA replication, while somatic mutations do not. Germ-line mutations result in cancers, while somatic mutations do not. Germ-line mutations involve small changes to DNA such as base-pair substitutions, while somatic mutations involve large deletions.
Gene mutations can be classified in two major ways:(1) hereditary or germline mutations that are inherited from a parent and are present throughout a person’s life in virtually every cell in the body.(2) acquired or somatic mutations that occur at some time during a person’s life and are present only in certain cells, not in every cell in the body.If there is no family history of a particular disease but a child has the disease then it may have arisen due to a(n) ________ mutation early during development. A) acquired B) inherited C) silent D) transition
Is it acceptable or not to edit the genome of human embryos to treat genetic diseases? There is a group of genetic disorders that cause fatal childhood diseases. To avoid having children with these genetic disorders, some parents choose to use a procedure called in vitro fertilization (IVF) followed by genetic testing. Typically, in the first step of IVF, women receive hormone injections to produce multiple eggs, after which the eggs are harvested. The eggs are then fertilized by sperm in a petri dish to make embryos, which are then transferred to a woman's uterus. If the goal is to identify embryos that do not have specific genetic conditions, doctors would screen the embryos before they are implanted into the woman - in other words, they would analyze the embryos' DNA to look for variants of the gene(s) that cause the genetic disorder. While the genetic testing of IVF-produced embryos has been done for decades, the procedure is controversial. The controversies include worries that…
Mutagens, when introduced to the body can always cause cancer. Is this statement true? Select the correct response: No. Mutagens do not necessarily, directly equate to the cause of cancer. A cancer is usually caused by a substance called carcinogen that increases the probability of inducing a tumor. Mutagens can be limited to the result of spontaneous or induced mutations that causes changes and/or errors in the coding and reading of the DNA strand and in the genetic make- up of the organism involved. Though some mutagens are considered as carcinogens, not all mutagens can lead to cancer. Yes. The terms can be used interchangeably even in the medical field. Yes. Mutagens does equate to the cause of cancer. A cancer is usually caused by a substance called carcinogen that increases the probability of inducing a tumor. However, mutagens is not only limited to the result of spontaneous or induced mutations that causes changes and/or errors in the coding and reading of the DNA strand and in…
Researchers have identified a gene in humans that (when mutant)causes severe dwarfism and mental impairment. This disorder isinherited in an autosomal recessive manner, and the mutant alleleis known to be a loss-of-function mutation. The same gene hasbeen found in mice, although a mutant version of the gene has notbeen discovered in mice. To develop drugs and an effective therapyto treat this disorder in humans, it would be experimentallyuseful to have a mouse model. In other words, it would be desirableto develop a strain of mice that carry the mutant allele in thehomozygous condition. Experimentally, how would you developsuch a strain?
Any permanent change to the structure of DNA is considered a mutation. A somatic cell mutation affects only the individual organism, while a germline mutation is passed onto the next generation. For example, excessive amount of exposure to UV rays can lead to skin cancer. Although this type of mutation occurs in the somatic cells, every individual has different susceptibility to skin cell mutations upon exposure to UV rays. The susceptibility is located in the germ cell and is heritable. The individuals who choose to overexpose themselves to UV rays increase their likelihood of obtaining undesirable mutations in their somatic cells. Unlike suntanning, there are other activities we engage in that can lead to germline mutations. These activities should be avoided if possible as they lead to heritable mutations and cancer. Using 200 words or less, identify one human activity that can lead to a heritable mutation. Explain how it affects the individual and how it can be passed onto the…
Fragile X syndrome, caused by a change in the FMR1 gene, is the most common form of intellectual disability. In patients with this syndrome, a small part of the gene is repeated several times in one area of the chromosome. This defect in the gene makes the body unable to produce adequate amounts of a protein needed for normal brain functioning. In males, this syndrome causes a moderate intellectual disability, and in females, a mild intellectual disability. A family that exhibits Fragile X syndrome is shown in the pedigree. In the pedigree, squares represent males and circles represent females. Shaded symbols represent a person with the disorder. Which of the following correctly predicts the outcome if offspring 11 mated with a homozygous normal female, based on the inheritance pattern shown in the pedigree? A - The male offspring would exhibit Fragile X syndrome because Fragile X is an X-linked recessive trait. B - The female offspring would exhibit Fragile X syndrome because Fragile…
Fragile X syndrome, caused by a change in the FMR1 gene, is the most common form of intellectual disability. In patients with this syndrome, a small part of the gene is repeated several times in one area of the chromosome. This defect in the gene makes the body unable to produce adequate amounts of a protein needed for normal brain functioning. In males, this syndrome causes a moderate intellectual disability, and in females, a mild intellectual disability. A family that exhibits Fragile X syndrome is shown in the pedigree. In the pedigree, squares represent males and circles represent females. Shaded symbols represent a person with the disorder. 3 6 7 8. 9 10 11 Which of the following correctly predicts the outcome if offspring 11 mated with a homozygous normal female, based on the inheritance pattern shown in the pedigree? The male offspring would exhibit Fragile X syndrome because Fragile X is an X-linked recessive trait. The female offspring would exhibit Fragile X syndrome because…
Which of the following mutations will result in cancer? a. homozygous recessive mutation in a tumor-suppressor gene coding for a nonfunctional protein b. dominant mutation in a tumor-suppressor gene in which the normal protein product is overexpressed c. homozygous recessive mutation in which there is a deletion in the coding region of a proto-oncogene, leaving it nonfunctional d. dominant mutation in a proto-oncogene in which the normal protein product is overexpressed
If you have a mutation in your skin cells from falling asleep in a tanning bed, how will this affect your offspring? Group of answer choices It won't affect them because mutations cannot be passed down to offspring It will affect their entire body because their entire body grew out of the fertilized egg It will affect your offspring's skin cells only It may affect them, depending on whether those particular skin cells are passed on to them It won't affect them because the mutation is not in a gamete