Contribution Margin:
The amount of the contribution margin is the difference between the selling price of per unit and variable cost of per unit. Here contribution is the part of the sales revenue.
Operating Income:
The outcome of deduction of operating expense and depreciation from the gross income is called as operating income. The operating income realized before any payment pertaining to interest and taxes payable.
Variable Cost:
The Variable cost is that cost which varies with increase or decrease in the level of production. The Variable cost of per unit remains same. Here, it can be said that variable cost has the positive relationship with output of production.
Fixed Cost:
The Fixed cost is that cost which does not change with increase or decrease in the level of production, but per unit fixed changes with change in the level production. Examples of the fixed cost are rent, wages and insurance.
To determine: Action taken by N to maximize its operating income and factor that should be considered before making decision.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Horngren's Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis (16th Edition)
- Elliott, Inc., has four salaried clerks to process purchase orders. Each clerk is paid a salary of 25,750 and is capable of processing as many as 6,500 purchase orders per year. Each clerk uses a PC and laser printer in processing orders. Time available on each PC system is sufficient to process 6,500 orders per year. The cost of each PC system is 1,100 per year. In addition to the salaries, Elliott spends 27,560 for forms, postage, and other supplies (assuming 26,000 purchase orders are processed). During the year, 25,350 orders were processed. Required: 1. Classify the resources associated with purchasing as (1) flexible or (2) committed. 2. Compute the total activity availability, and break this into activity usage and unused activity. 3. Calculate the total cost of resources supplied (activity cost), and break this into the cost of activity used and the cost of unused activity. 4. (a) Suppose that a large special order will cause an additional 500 purchase orders. What purchasing costs are relevant? By how much will purchasing costs increase if the order is accepted? (b) Suppose that the special order causes 700 additional purchase orders. How will your answer to (a) change?arrow_forwardThe Calhoun Textile Mill is in the process of deciding on a production schedule. It wishes to know how to weave the various fabrics it will produce during the coming quarter. The sales department has continued orders for each of the 15 fabrics produced by Calhoun. These demands are given in the following table. Also given in this table is the variable cost for each fabric. The mill operates continuously during the quarter: 13 weeks, 7 days a week, and 24 hours a day. There are two types of looms: dobbie and regular. Dobbie looms can be used to make all fabrics and are the only looms that can weave certain fabrics, such as plaids. The rate of production for each fabric on each type of loom is also given in the table. Note that if the production rate is zero, the fabric cannot be woven on that type of loom. Also, if a fabric can be woven on each type of loom, then the production rates are equal. Calhoun has 90 regular looms and 15 dobbie looms. For this problem, assume that the time requirement to change over a loom from one fabric to another is negligible. Management would like to know how to allocate the looms to the fabrics and which fabrics to buy on the market so as to minimize the cost of meeting demand.arrow_forwardMarkson and Sons leases a copy machine with terms that include a fixed fee each month plus acharge for each copy made. Markson made 9,000 copies and paid a total of $480 in January. In April, they paid $320 for 5,000 copies. What is the variable cost per copy if Markson uses the high-low method to analyze costs?arrow_forward
- Variety Artisans has a bottleneck in their production that occurs within the engraving department. Arjun Naipul, the COO, is considering hiring an extra worker, whose salary will be $45,000 per year, to solve the problem. With this extra worker, the company could produce and sell 3,500 more units per year. Currently, the selling price per unit is $18 and the cost per unit is $5.85. Using the information provided, calculate the annual financial impact of hiring the extra worker.arrow_forwardCarbex, Inc., produces cutlery sets out of high-quality wood and steel. The company makes a Standard set and a Deluxe set and sells them to retail department stores throughout the country. The Standard set sells for $100, and the Deluxe set sells for $115. The variable expenses associated with each set are given below. Variable production costs Sales commissions (35% of sales price) The company's fixed expenses each month are: Advertising Depreciation Administrative April May Mary Parsons, the financial vice president, watches sales commissions carefully and has noted that they have risen steadily over the last year. For this reason, she was shocked to find that even though sales have increased, profits for the current month-May-are down substantially from April. Sales, in sets, for the last two months are given below: Req 1A Standard Deluxe 6,000 4,000 3,000 7,000 $ 125,000 $ 27,700 $ 73,000 Required: 1-a. Prepare contribution format income statements for April. 1-b. Prepare…arrow_forward[The following information applies to the questions displayed below. Shadee Corporation expects to sell 600 sun shades in May and 800 in June. Each shade sells for $180. Shadee's beginning and ending finished goods inventories for May are 75 and 50 shades, respectively. Ending finished goods inventory for June will be 60 shades. Suppose that each shade takes three direct labor hours to produce and Shadee pays its workers $9 per hour. Additionally, Shadee's fixed manufacturing overhead is $10,000 per month, and variable manufacturing overhead is $13 per unit produced. Required: 1. Prepare Shadee's direct labor budget for May and June. 2. Prepare Shadee's manufacturing overhead budget for May and June. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required 1 Required 2 Prepare Shadee's direct labor budget for May and June. Budgeted Direct Labor Cost May Required 1 June Required 2 >arrow_forward
- Marwick’s Pianos, Inc., purchases pianos from a large manufacturer and sells them at the retail level. Thepianos cost, on the average, $2,450 each from the manufacturer. Marwick’s Pianos, Inc., sells the pianosto its customers at an average price of $3,125 each. The selling and administrative costs that the companyincurs in a typical month are presented below:Costs Cost FormulaSelling:Advertising ................................................ $700 per monthSales salaries and commissions .............. $950 per month, plus 8% of salesDelivery of pianos to customers ............... $30 per piano soldUtilities ...................................................... $350 per monthDepreciation of sales facilities .................. $800 per monthAdministrative:Executive salaries .................................... $2,500 per monthInsurance .................................................. $400 per monthClerical ..................................................... $1,000 per month, plus…arrow_forwardHello Company makes three different products. Due to the constraints of their manufacturing equipment and warehouse facility, the company is only able to produce, store, and sell a total of 50,000 units each month. The production of Products A and B varies each month; however, Product C is a special order for one customer who purchases the same number of units every month. Pete Davila, the CEO, has |provided the following data from last month for each product. Income Statement Product A Product B Product C Мax Cарacity 5,000 8.00 $ 2.00 $ Units 43,000 10.00 $ 3.00 $ 20,000 $ 2,000 50,000 Price per unit Variable expense per unit $ $ $ 50.00 15.00 $ 20.00 Total Fixed Costs 40,000 $ 10,000 Product Sales $ 430,000 $ 40,000 $ 100,000 $ 570,000 (169,000) 401,000 (70,000) 331,000 Variable Costs (129,000) (10,000) 30,000 $ (30,000) 70,000 $ Contribution Margin $ 301,000 $ Fixed Costs (20,000) 281,000 (40,000) (10,000) (10,000) 60,000 $ Operating income (loss) Required Using the Data Table…arrow_forwardHagerty, Inc. a manufacturer of computer diskettes, currently uses a conventional process cost system. During February, Hagerty plans to purchase P 50,000 of raw materials. Of this amount 80% will be used for current production, while the remainder will serve as a buffer in inventory. Direct labor cost is expected to be P 10,000 During February, and the actual factory overhead is anticipated to total P 65,000. Paul William, the owner, has been considering the use of a JIT inventory system. If implemented at the beginning of February, only the materials needed for current production would be purchased. Requirements: Using T-accounts, enter the February transactions for the purchase and usage of materials under: a) Conventional Costing b) JIT Costing Using T-accounts, enter the February transactions for the labor and overhead costs under: a) Conventional Costing b) JIT Costing Do not record the entry for applied overhead.arrow_forward
- Make or Buy RKR Consultants produces a monthly report on the semiconductor chip manufacturing industry for use by its consultants in serving RKR clients. The research office now being used to produce the report has fixed monthly overhead costs of $2,100. The research staff have a theoretical capacity to prepare another report on a second industry each month. RKR has learned that a semiconductor industry trade group produces a similar industry report that is available on a subscription basis. If RKR were to subscribe to the report from the industry trade group, the research office would be idle and 90% of the fixed costs would continue to be incurred. There are no alternative uses for the research office. The variable costs associated with preparing the monthly research report are $495 per report. Fixed overhead is allocated based on planned production levels. If RKR Consultants continues to use the monthly research report, it would realize a net benefit by purchasing the report from…arrow_forwardJace and Associates provides professional consulting services to a variety of clientele in an effort to help them improve the operating effectiveness and profitability of their businesses. At the start of the year, budgeted MOH costs were $250,000; budgeted direct labor hours, its allocation base, were 100,000. The company is considering doing work for a new client that is estimated to take around 45 hours. How much should Jace bid on this job if the company incurs a direct labor rate of $30/hour and charges a 60% mark-up above job costs? (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 5,275.25.) Bid price $arrow_forwardIbri Company, a manufacturer of stereo systems, started its production in January 2018. For the preceding 3 years had been a retailer of stereo systems. After a thorough survey of stereo system markets, Ibri Company decided to turn its retail store into a stereo equipment factory. Raw materials cost for a stereo system will total $77 per unit. Workers on the production lines are on average paid $11 per hour. A stereo system usually takes 4 hours to complete. In addition, the rent on the equipment used to assemble stereo systems amounts to $5,200 per month. Indirect materials cost $5 per system. A supervisor was hired to oversee production; her monthly salary is $3,000. Factory janitorial costs are $1,000 monthly. Advertising costs for the stereo system will be $5,000 per month. The factory building depreciation expense is $8,400 per year. Property taxes on the factory building will be $12,000 per year. Instructions Prepare an answer sheet with the following column headings. Cost…arrow_forward
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