Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 10.1, Problem 1CYL
Summary Introduction
To define:
The terms homologous chromosome, sex chromosome, and autosome.
Introduction:
The chromosomes are formed by the coiling of the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules around the proteins. This enables the tight packaging of the DNA. The chromosomes are of two different types, namely- autosomes and the sex chromosomes.
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In humans, each cell normally contains a diploid (2n) chromosome number of 46. Say
that a human body cell and sex cell will undergo mitosis and meiosis respectively, provide
the number of chromosomes in each cell for every stage.
Stage of Mitosis
Number of
Stages of Meiosis
Number of
Chromosomes in
Chromosomes in
One Cell
One Cell
Prophase
2n =
Prophase 1
2n =
Prometaphase
2n =
Prometaphase 1
2n =
Metaphase
2n =
Metaphase 1
2n =
Anaphase
2n =
Anaphase 1
2n =
Telophase and
Cytokinesis
Telophase 1 and
Cytokinesis
2n =
n =
Prophase 2
Prometaphase 2
n =
Metaphase 2
n =
Anaphase 2
= u
Telophase 2 and
Cytokinesis
n =
Give biological term for a pair of corresponding chromosomes of the same size and shape , one from each parent.
Define the terms mutation, autosomes, and sex chromosomes.
Chapter 10 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 10.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 10.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 10.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 10.2 - What would be the consequences for the resulting...Ch. 10.2 - What would be the genetic consequences for the...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 10.2 - describe the steps and outcome of meiotic cell...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 10.3 - explain how meiosis and sexual reproduction...
Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 10.4 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 10.4 - describe some of the human genetic disorders that...Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 10 - Prob. 1MCCh. 10 - Prob. 2MCCh. 10 - Prob. 3MCCh. 10 - Prob. 4MCCh. 10 - Prob. 5MCCh. 10 - Meiotic cell division produces ________ (how many)...Ch. 10 - During ___________ of meiosis 1, paired homologous...Ch. 10 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 10 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 10 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 10 - Prob. 1RQCh. 10 - Prob. 2RQCh. 10 - Prob. 3RQCh. 10 - Describe how meiosis provides for genetic...Ch. 10 - Define nondisjunction, and describe common...Ch. 10 - Many plants car. reproduce sexually or asexually....
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- Assume that a meiotic-nondisjunction event causes trisomy 8 in a newborn. If two of the three copies of chromosome 8 are absolutely identical, at what point during meiosis did the nondisjunction event take place?arrow_forwardVariations in Chromosome NumberAneuploidy Describe the process of nondisjunction and explain when it takes place during cell division.arrow_forwardHuman sex chromosomes are XX for females and XY for males. a. With respect to an X-linked gene, how many different types of gametes can a male produce? b. If a female is homozygous for an X-linked allele, how many different types of gametes can she produce with respect to this allele? c. If a female is heterozygous for an X-linked allele, how many different types of gametes can she produce with respect to this allele?arrow_forward
- Identify the type of chromosomal aberration described in each of the following cases: a. loss of a chromosome segment b. extra copies of a chromosome segment c. reversal in the order of a chromosome segment d. movement of a chromosome segment to another, nonhomologous chromosomearrow_forwardB. A woman is a carrier of a Robertsonian translocation between chromosomes 18 and 21. (i) Her chromosome set with respect to chromosomes 18 and 21 would consist of which specific chromosomes. Please draw a DIAGRAM illustrating these chromosomes as they would appear in their unreplicated state, clearly labeling the chromosomes and the chromosome arms present. (ii) If this woman were to have a child with a man who possess a completely normal set of chromosomes, there are six different possible outcomes with respect to the combinations of chromosomes 18, 21, and Robertsonian translocation chromosome that could be present in their offspring. Please indicate the TYPES and NUMBERS of chromosomes of each type present in their potential offspring. You may label the chromosomes as follows: 18 (for chromosome 18), 21 (for chromosome 21) or 18/21 (for the Robertsonian translocation chromosome). Also, please indicate the specific genetic abnormality (if any) that would be present in…arrow_forwardExplain the term Metaphase chromosome:arrow_forward
- Consider three pairs of homologous chromosomes with centromere labeled A/a, B/B, C/c. How many kinds of meiotic products can this individual produce?arrow_forward"If a fragment of a chromosome breaks off and then reattaches to the original chromosome but in the reverse direction, the resulting chromosomal abnormality is called a translocation." The above statement is True or False? and Explainarrow_forwardDescribe the folded-fiber model of the mitotic chromosome.arrow_forward
- crossing over within a pericentric inversion produces chromosomes that have extra copies of some genes and no copies of other genes. The fertilization of gametes containing chromosomes with duplications or deletions often result in children with syndromes characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, abnormal development of organ systems, and early death. Maarit Jaarola and colleagues examined individual sperm cells of a male who was heterozygous for a pericentric inversion on chromosome 8 and determined that crossing over took place within the pericentric inversion in 26% of the meiotic divisions (M. Jaarola, R. H. Martin, and T. Ashley. 1998. American Journal of Human Genetics 63:218–224). Assume that you are a genetic counselor and that a couple seeks counseling from you. Both the man and the woman are phenotypically normal, but the woman is heterozygous for a pericentric inversion on chromosome 8. The man is karyotypically normal. What is the probability that this…arrow_forwardExplain how nondisjunction in meiosis is responsible for chromosome abnormalities such as Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and Turner syndrome.arrow_forwardDraw a pair of chromosomes as they would appear during synapsis in prophase I of meiosis in an individual heterozygous for a chromosome duplication.arrow_forward
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