Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 10.1, Problem 1CR
Describe the classes of viruses based on their genomic characteristics. For each class, describe how viral mRNA is made and how the viral genome is replicated.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 10.1 - Distinguish between a positive-strand RNA virus...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.1 - Prob. 3MQCh. 10.1 - Describe the classes of viruses based on their...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 1MQCh. 10.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.2 - Prob. 3MQCh. 10.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 10.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 10.3 - In the X174 genome, describe the difference...
Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 10.3 - Describe how the genome of bacteriophage X174 is...Ch. 10.4 - In what major way does transcription of phage DNA...Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.4 - Why can it be said that transcription of the...Ch. 10.5 - What type of genome is seen in most archaeal...Ch. 10.5 - Compared with other archaeal viruses, what are two...Ch. 10.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 10.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 10.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.6 - Prob. 3MQCh. 10.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 10.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 10.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 10.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 10.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 10.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.8 - How are protein synthesis and genomic replication...Ch. 10.8 - Prob. 1CRCh. 10.9 - Prob. 1MQCh. 10.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.9 - Prob. 3MQCh. 10.9 - Rabies virus and poliovirus both have...Ch. 10.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 10.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 10.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 10.11 - Prob. 1MQCh. 10.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.11 - How does the role of reverse transcriptase in the...Ch. 10.11 - Why do both hepadnaviruses and retroviruses...Ch. 10.12 - What type of bacteriophages are most common in the...Ch. 10.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.12 - Prob. 3MQCh. 10.12 - Prob. 1CRCh. 10.13 - Prob. 1MQCh. 10.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.13 - Prob. 3MQCh. 10.13 - Prob. 1CRCh. 10.14 - Prob. 1MQCh. 10.14 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.14 - Prob. 3MQCh. 10.14 - How do bacterial viruses help prevent human...Ch. 10.15 - If viroids are circular molecules, why are they...Ch. 10.15 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.15 - Prob. 1CRCh. 10.16 - Prob. 1MQCh. 10.16 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.16 - Prob. 3MQCh. 10.16 - What are the similarities and differences between...Ch. 10 - Not all proteins are made from the RNA genome of...Ch. 10 - Replication of both strands of DNA in adenoviruses...Ch. 10 - Imagine that you are a researcher at a...Ch. 10 - Prob. 4AQ
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- The diagrams below represent nucleic acid genomic material and a finished product after the viral polymerase acted on the genomic material. Name the virus (either family, genus, or particular virus is acceptable) that these diagrams represent. A is B is C is Dis Genomic material Product + sense RNA A 5' VPB -sense RNA 3' VPg 5' -sense RNA 5' cap Derived from infected cell B 3' 5' AAAAA(A) 3 + sense RNA C + sense RNA -sense RNA +sense RNA 5' 3'arrow_forwardA particular animal virus requires the use of DNA polymerase from its host, since it does not possess its own DNA polymerase enzyme. Which of the following assumptions in A-D would likely be correct regarding this virus? A) O This virus could not be a retrovirus type. B) OIt could be a (-) ss RNA virus. C) O It could be a (+) ss RNA virus. D) O The vVirus life cycle very likely includes going to the host cell nucleus. E) O All ofA-D are correct assumptions.arrow_forwardSyn5 is a virus that infects photosynthetic bacteria belonging to the genus Synechococcus. The Syn5 virion is icosahedral (660 Å in diameter) with a short tail and an appendage called a horn. The horn is located on a vertex directly opposite the tail. Syn5 follows the typical five steps observed for most viruses when they multiply, and progeny viruses are released when the host lyses. The assembly of Syn5 virions involves several proteins, including capsid proteins, scaffolding proteins, a portal protein, a terminase, tail proteins, and horn proteins. To better understand the assembly of Syn5 virions, scientists used a type of microscopy called Zernike phase contrast electron cryotomography. This type of microscopy improves the contrast typically seen for conventional cryotomography. In their studies, the scientists observed several different developing virus particles in infected cells. The particles were: (1) 660 Å icosahedron containing DNA and having a tail; (2) 660 Å icosahedron…arrow_forward
- Which of the following is a known characteristic that can lead to genetic changes in some viruses? Operons in the viral genome can undergo homologous recombination, leading to genetic rearrangements. Reassortment of segmented genomes can occur if a host cell is co-infected with two different viral strains. RNA polymerases used in replication of the viral genome have proofreading capability. Environmental conditions can trigger the SOS response, which triggers mutations in the viral genome.arrow_forwardViruses are made up of the same biomolecules as cellular organisms (DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, etc.). They infect cells and replicate themselves using resources from the host cells. Scientists discovered a previously unknown strain of virus in the tropical Pacific Ocean and it can infect higher-order eukaryotes. Initial analysis revealed that the virus is mainly composed of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Chemical analysis after complete hydrolysis revealed the following building blocks (by weight): Chemical components Nucleosides Amino acids Lipids, phosphates, and carbohydrates Percentage by weight 20 30 50 Analysis of percentages of nucleosides yielded the following results (by molar ratio): Nucleosides A G T C U Percentage by mole 19 29 19 29 4 Researchers determined that the lipids found in the virus form a bilayer membrane surrounding the virus, and are obtained from the membrane of the host cell during virus maturation and exit from host cell. Further…arrow_forwardDescribe in general terms the strategy used by single-stranded (ss) DNA viruses to synthesize their nucleic acids and proteinsarrow_forward
- Arrange the following list into the correct sequence for part of the cycle of a retrovirus: 1. dsDNA integrated into host DNA 2.viral proteins synthesized on host ribosomes 3. viral DNA uses host enzymes to transcribe viral RNA 4. reverse transcriptase catalyzes synthesis of ssDNA 5. synthesis of second DNA strand (a) 5, 2, 1, 3, 4 (b) 5, 2, 3, 4, 1 (c) 4, 5, 1, 3, 2 (d) 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 (e) 2, 1, 3, 4, 5arrow_forwardAssume you isolate a single stranded (+) RNA virus. When you examine the proteins in the virus, you find that it does NOT contain replicase enzymes within its capsid. Which of the following is true? This virus must have a gene that encodes replicase. This virus will not be able to enter a host cell. Its genome cannot be translated (the process of translation) by the host cell ribosomes. A DNA copy of the viral genome has to be made before viral genes are expressed. This virus must lack surface antigens.arrow_forwardViruses are host-specific, meaning they can only infect specific types of host organisms. For examble, the adenovirus is responsible for the common cold in humans but your dog can't catch a cold from you. Why is this? The proteins on the virus surface can only bind with proteins on the correct host surface. It is an enveloped or non-enveloped virus. The enzymes carried by the virus are compatible with the host. The genome of the virus is made of DNA or RNA.arrow_forward
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