Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134765037
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 6SQ
Describe the process by which the information is a gene is transcribed and translated into a protein. Correctly use these terms in your description: tRNA, amino acid, start codon, transcription, mRNA, gene, codon, RNA polymerase, ribosome, translation, anticodon, peptide bond, stop codon.
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Describe the process by which the information in eukaryotic gene is transcribed and translated into a protein. Correctly use this words in your description: tRNA, amino acid, start codon, RNA polymerase, ribosome, translation, anticodon, peptide bond, stop codon
Transcribe the following DNA strand into mRNA and translate that strand into a polypeptide chain, identifying the codons, anticodons, and amino acid sequence.
DNA: C G A T A C A A T G G A C C C G G T A T G C G A T A T C C
mRNA: G C U A U G U U A C C U G G G C C A U A C G C U A U A G G
Codon:
Anitcodon:
Amino Acids:
mRNA and tRNA are involved in producing proteins from genes in the DNA. One codon consisting of 3 nucleotides corresponds to an amino acid in the protein that gets built. It is important to understand the relationship between the following nucleic acids:
DNA template and mRNA strands are ANSWER (the same or complementary)
DNA template and tRNA anticodon strands are ANSWER (the same or complementary)
DNA non-template and mRNA strands are ANSWER (the same or complementary)
DNA non-template and tRNA anticodon strands are ANSWER (the same or complementary)
DNA template and DNA non-template strands are ANSWER (the same or complementary)
mRNA and tRNA anticodon strands are ANSWER (the same or complementary)
Chapter 10 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Ch. 10 - A molecule of DNA contains two polymer strands...Ch. 10 - Name the three parts of every nucleotide.Ch. 10 - List these terms in order of size from largest to...Ch. 10 - A scientist inserts a radioactively labeled DNA...Ch. 10 - The nucleotide sequence of a DNA codon is GTA....Ch. 10 - Describe the process by which the information is a...Ch. 10 - Match the following molecules with the cellular...Ch. 10 - Prob. 8SQCh. 10 - Prob. 9SQCh. 10 - How do some viruses reproduce without ever having...
Ch. 10 - HIV requires an enzyme called _____ to convert its...Ch. 10 - Nearly every organism on Earth shares the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 13IMTCh. 10 - Genes carry the instructions needed to build an...Ch. 10 - A cell containing a single chromosome is placed in...Ch. 10 - In a classic 1952 experiment, biologists Alfred...Ch. 10 - Interpreting Data The graph shows the number of...Ch. 10 - Scientists at the National Institutes of Health...Ch. 10 - Prob. 19BSCh. 10 - Flu vaccines have been shown to be safe, are very...
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- Which of the following is an example of the degeneracy of the genetic code?Group of answer choices a) each codon specifies more than one amino acid b) the genetic code is not degenerate c) an amino acid can have more than one codon d) None of the abovearrow_forwardDescribe the process of translating mRNA into proteins. Be sure to also include the following key terms: tRNA, ribosomes, codon, base pairs, cytoplasm, amino acids.arrow_forwardFor translation of eukaryotic mRNA sequences: a) The stop codon stops translation by blocking the ribosome. b) The tRNA is the same thing as the amino acid. c) There are two binding pockets within the ribosome where different tRNAs will bind to the mRNA. d) The first codon that is recognized by the ribosome is UAG e) The ribosome can bind to the mRNA in any location.arrow_forward
- Indicate which of the following items are associated with transcription or translation. This could be in prokaryotes or eukaryotes, or both. Group of answer choices: Translation OR Transcription Sigma binds to the promoter mRNA binds to the small ribosomal subunit Spliceosomes remove introns and splice together exons Nucleotides are added from the 5' to 3' end tRNA anticodon binds to the corresponding mRNA codon STOP codon results in terminationarrow_forwardA segment of mRNA produced by the normal order of DNA nucleotides and the corresponding amino acid chain are given below: mRNA segment: GCC UAC AAU GCG Amino acid chain: Ala-Tyr-Asn-Ala Knowing that insertion mutations shift the triplets by one base, if an insertion mutation adds a U to the beginning of that mRNA segment, what will be the new triplet/codon grouping and the new amino acid chain? Group of answer choices a. U GCC UAC AAU GCG; Ala-Tyr-Asn-Ala b. UCC UAC AAU GCG; Ser-Leu-Gln-Cys c. UGC CUA CAA UGC G; Cys-Leu-Gln-Cys d. UGC CUA CAA UGC G; Ala-Tyr-Asn-Ala e. UGCC UAC AAU GCG; Cys-Tyr-Asn-Alaarrow_forwardmRNA and tRNA are involved in producing proteins from genes in the DNA. One codon consisting of 3 nucleotides corresponds to an amino acid in the protein that gets built. It is important to understand the relationship between the following nucleic acids: DNA template and mRNA strands are (the same or complementary) DNA template and tRNA anticodon strands are (the same or complementary) DNA non-template and mRNA strands are (the same or complementary) DNA non-template and tRNA anticodon strands are (the same or complementary) DNA template and DNA non-template strands are (the same or complementary) mRNA and tRNA anticodon strands are (the same or complementary)arrow_forward
- At least three types of RNA are required for protein synthesis. Compare and contrast mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA by moving the descriptions of their structure and function to the appropriate categories. Some phrases may describe all three types of RNA. mRNA in eukaryotes, can exist outside the nucleus acts as an enzyme for peptide synthesis composed of ribonucleic acid rRNA Answer Bank moves amino acids to the site of protein synthesis tRNA contains nucleotide triplets that code for specific amino acids has a convoluted structure with a three-base sequence called an anticodon moves genetic information out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm mRNA, rRNA, and tRNAarrow_forwardWhich statement is false: A) Each type of protein ( ex: hemoglobin vs trypsionngen) varies in the length and amino acid sequence of its peptide B) After the rpocess of transcription is complete, the mRNA that is produced will continue being tranlsated by ribosomes for the rest of the cells life. mRNA never breaks down C) A ribosome will bind to an mRNA and will translate the sequence by reading one codon at a time and adding one amino acid to the peptide chain. It will stop the translation once it encounters a stop codon D) The gene for a protein provides the information on the legth of the peptide, along w the amino acid sequence so the protein can be synthesized by a ribosome E) Once mRNA has left the nucleus, ribosomes will bind to it and will follow the instructions in its sequence to make the new protienarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT true regarding the genetic code and translation? a) An mRNA is typically translated in only 1 reading frame. b) There are 64 different codons. c) Multiple amino acids may be coded for by a single codon. d) mRNA sequence is the reverse complement of the template strand of DNA.arrow_forward
- What is the correct sequence in translation? a tRNA attaches to start codon, ribosome attaches to mRNA in P site, new tRNA enters on A site, peptide chain moves to old tRNA in P site, old tRNA moves to E and new tRNA to P. b tRNA attaches to start codon, ribosome attaches to mRNA in P site, new tRNA enters on A site, peptide chain moves to new tRNA, old tRNA moves to E and new tRNA to P. c tRNA attaches to start codon, ribosome attaches to mRNA in A site, new tRNA enters on P site, peptide chain moves to new tRNA, old tRNA moves to E and new tRNA to A. d tRNA attaches continuously to mRNA without the need of a ribosome. Proteins are: a the direct translation of a single gene b in most cases, the results of post-translation control c first transcribed from DNA by an operon d transcription factors Which of the following statements is false? a In the lytic cycle, new phage are produced and released into the environment. b…arrow_forwardWhen the ribosome "reads" the codon UAG, UGA or UAA... A) the polypeptide is released from ribosome but ribosome continues reading the mRNA B) the proper tRNA enters the ribosome C) translation begins D) polypeptide is released from the ribosome and translation endsarrow_forwardA small section of mRNA codons has the following sequence:UGG GAA ACC UUC Some Amino Acids Aspartate Glutamate Glutamine Isoleucine Threonine Methionine Asparagine Tryptophan Phenylalanine The amino acids listed above that are coded by the mRNA codons are Answer, Answer, Answer, and Answer.Record your answer in order from left to right codons.arrow_forward
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