Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134765037
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 10, Problem 5SQ
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If DNA codes for mRNA and mRNA codes for protein, then how can the same DNA sequence generate different proteins?
What are the 3 tRNA sites on the small ribosomal subunit (just abbreviations)? What is the order of tRNA entrance and exit through the ribosome?
The amino acid glycine is encoded by four codons: GGA, GGC, GGG, and GGU.
Which of the following statements correctly explains this fact?
The glycine anticodon contains the sequence CC, but the 5' base of the anticodon can pair nonspecifically with the 3' base of the codon.
The glycine anticodon contains the sequence CC, but the 3' base of the anticodon can pair nonspecifically with the 5' base of the codon.
Glycine tRNA has four anticodons, and the appropriate anticodon specifically pairs with the correct codon.
There are four tRNAs for glycine, each of which has an anticodon that specifically pairs with the correct codon.
all of the above
Consider this nucleotide sequence of DNA strand in the image provided.
If this strand is the sense strand,
Give the correct nucleotide sequence of the RNA produced after transcription.
If the RNA formed in #1 is already a functional mRNA and will be used to synthesize proteins, how many codons are present here that will actually code for amino acids?
What is the sequence of the stop codon in this mRNA?
What is the sequence of the 3rd codon in this mRNA?
What is the sequence of the last codon in this mRNA that actually code for an amino acid?
Chapter 10 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Ch. 10 - A molecule of DNA contains two polymer strands...Ch. 10 - Name the three parts of every nucleotide.Ch. 10 - List these terms in order of size from largest to...Ch. 10 - A scientist inserts a radioactively labeled DNA...Ch. 10 - The nucleotide sequence of a DNA codon is GTA....Ch. 10 - Describe the process by which the information is a...Ch. 10 - Match the following molecules with the cellular...Ch. 10 - Prob. 8SQCh. 10 - Prob. 9SQCh. 10 - How do some viruses reproduce without ever having...
Ch. 10 - HIV requires an enzyme called _____ to convert its...Ch. 10 - Nearly every organism on Earth shares the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 13IMTCh. 10 - Genes carry the instructions needed to build an...Ch. 10 - A cell containing a single chromosome is placed in...Ch. 10 - In a classic 1952 experiment, biologists Alfred...Ch. 10 - Interpreting Data The graph shows the number of...Ch. 10 - Scientists at the National Institutes of Health...Ch. 10 - Prob. 19BSCh. 10 - Flu vaccines have been shown to be safe, are very...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Codons 24 to 66 represent an intron. At what point in the process of protein synthesis are introns removed? What is the name of the enzyme responsible for removing them?arrow_forwardBelow is the 5’–3’ strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule with the following nucleotide sequences:5’ C C T A T G C A G T G G C C A T A T T C C A A A G C A T A G C 3’ 1. If the RNA synthesized above (item #1) is a functional mRNA and all the nucleotides belong to an exon,a. how many codons are present in this mRNA?b. how many codons actually code for proteins in this mRNA?c. what stop codon is present in this mRNA?arrow_forwardThe template strand (i.e.: the strand that is transcribed into RNA, which is usually represented “at the bottom”) of a segment of double helical DNA contains the sequence (5′) TCCGCTCCATCG (3′). What is the base sequence of the mRNA that can be transcribed from this strand?arrow_forward
- Below is the 5’–3’ strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule with the following nucleotide sequences:5’ C C T A T G C A G T G G C C A T A T T C C A A A G C A T A G C 3’ 1. If the RNA synthesized above (item #3) is a functional mRNA and all the nucleotides belong to an exon,a. how many codons are present in this mRNA?b. how many codons actually code for a protein in this mRNA?c. what stop codon is present in this mRNA?arrow_forwardWhat is the significance (or function) of tRNA in protein synthesis? In other words, explain why tRNA is so important. How many different tRNA’s are there?arrow_forwardSickle cell disease is caused by a so-called “point mutation" in the human B-globin gene. A point mutation is the result of a single base substitution in the DNA encoding a gene. The sickle cell mutation results in substitution of Val for Glu at position 6 in the B-globin protein. (a) Using the information in Figure 5.18 explain how a point muta- tion could change a codon for Glu to a codon for Val. (b) Do you expect the pI for the sickle cell B-globin to be higher or lower than the pl for wild-type B-globin? Explain.arrow_forward
- The following pattern has been observed in the genetic code. For many codons, the first base specifies a biosynthetic precursor: U = pyruvate, C = α-ketoglutarate, A = oxaloacetate, G = any of a number of simple precursors. The second base of the codon tends to be associated with water solubility: water-soluble amino acids have a G, A, or C as the middle position, whereas five of seven of the most hydrophobic amino acids have U as the middle base. The third base in a codon is often information free; that is, many of the codons for the same amino acid differ only with the third base. Review amino acid biosynthesis and determine which amino acids obey these rules. What are the exceptions?arrow_forwardIf the mRNA transcribed for this gene will be translated into a functional protein, how many amino acids will be used to build the polypeptide chain? what is the amino acid coded by the 25th codon? what is the amino acid coded by the last codon?arrow_forwardHydrogen bonds are important in DNA replication and transcription. They are relatively weak chemical bonds. Why is this a desirable feature for DNA? Describe the effect (s) of changing (mutating) the promoter on the transcription of the DNA strand/gene the promoter controls. What happens to protein synthesis if a nonsense codon is inserted into the gene? Explain why a point mutation does not necessarily change the original amino acid sequence. (Explain silent mutations) Choose any pentapeptide composed of five different amino acids. List the amino acids. Present one messenger RNA codon for each amino acids and the sequence of nucleotides on the DNA that originally coded for your pentapeptide.arrow_forward
- Below is a diagram of charged tRNAS in the active site of the ribosome during translation of the MRNA into protein. What would be the codon in the mRNA that base pairs with the anti-codon in the t- RNA charged with Glu (Glutamic acid) ? HINT: Check the genetic code table/chart. X. Ala Arg Cys Gly Met Trp Leu Glu TRNA B TRNA A A 5'-AAC-3' 5'-CUU-3' 5'-GAA-3' 5'-AUG-3'arrow_forwardFor each of the following items, fill in either the DNA strand, the MRNA codons, the tRNA anticodons, or the amino acid sequence that have been left blank. If several sequences might work, choose only one. Furthermore, circle the start and the stop codons of each mRNA sequence. 1. DNA (3'-5') ACG TAC GGC CGG TTA AAG CAT ACT TTC TTG MRNA TRNA Amino Acid 2. DNA (3'-5') MRNA AUG ACU AGC UGG GGG UAU UAC UUU UAG AAA TRNA Amino Acid 3. DNA (3'-5') MRNA TRNA GCU CCU UAC CAC ССС CGU AUG GCU GGG AUC Activate Go to Sett Amino Acidarrow_forwardThe amino acid sequence for a short peptide is Tyr-Leu-Thr-Ala. What are the possible base sequences of the mRNA and the transcribed DNA strand that code for it? What are the anticodons?arrow_forward
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