Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 1PDQ
HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we first focused on the information that showed DNA to be the genetic material and then discussed the structure of DNA as proposed by Watson and Crick. We concluded the chapter by describing various techniques developed to study DNA. Along the way, we found many opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this information was acquired. From the explanations given in the chapter, what answers would you propose to the following fundamental questions:
- (a) How were scientists able to determine that DNA, and not some other molecule, serves as the genetic material in bacteria and bacteriophages?
- (b) How do we know that DNA also serves as the genetic material in eukaryotes such as humans?
- (c) How was it determined that the structure of DNA is a double helix with the two strands held together by hydrogen bonds formed between complementary nitrogenous bases?
- (d) How do we know that G pairs with C and that A pairs with T as complementary base pairs are formed?
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 10 - Would an experiment similar to that performed by...Ch. 10 - In sea urchin DNA, which is double stranded, 17.5...Ch. 10 - German measles results from an infection of the...Ch. 10 - What vital clues were provided by Franklins work...Ch. 10 - Was it ethical for Wilkins to show Franklins...Ch. 10 - Prob. 3CSCh. 10 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we first focused...Ch. 10 - CONCEPT QUESTION Review the Chapter Concepts list...Ch. 10 - Discuss the reasons proteins were generally...Ch. 10 - Contrast the contributions made to an...
Ch. 10 - When Avery and his colleagues had obtained what...Ch. 10 - Why were 32P and 35S chosen for use in the...Ch. 10 - Does the design of the HersheyChase experiment...Ch. 10 - What observations are consistent with the...Ch. 10 - What are the exceptions to the general rule that...Ch. 10 - Draw the chemical structure of the three...Ch. 10 - How are the carbon and nitrogen atoms of the...Ch. 10 - Adenine may also be named 6-amino purine. How...Ch. 10 - Draw the chemical structure of a dinucleotide...Ch. 10 - Describe the various characteristics of the...Ch. 10 - What evidence did Watson and Crick have at their...Ch. 10 - What might Watson and Crick have concluded had...Ch. 10 - How do covalent bonds differ from hydrogen bonds?...Ch. 10 - List three main differences between DNA and RNA.Ch. 10 - What are the three major types of RNA molecules?...Ch. 10 - How is the absorption of ultraviolet light by DNA...Ch. 10 - What is the physical state of DNA after it is...Ch. 10 - What is the hyperchromic effect? How is it...Ch. 10 - Why is Tm related to base composition?Ch. 10 - What is the chemical basis of molecular...Ch. 10 - What did the WatsonCrick model suggest about the...Ch. 10 - A genetics student was asked to draw the chemical...Ch. 10 - Considering the information in this chapter on B-...Ch. 10 - One of the most common spontaneous lesions that...Ch. 10 - In some organisms, cytosine is methylated at...Ch. 10 - Because of its rapid turnaround time, fluorescent...Ch. 10 - Prob. 31ESPCh. 10 - Newsdate: March 1, 2030. A unique creature has...Ch. 10 - During gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules can...Ch. 10 - DNA and RNA are chemically very similar but are...Ch. 10 - Electrophoresis is an extremely useful procedure...
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- X-ray was used by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins to study the molecular structure of DNA. Why is their finding not accepted by Watson and Crick? Explain.arrow_forwardGiven the state of knowledge at the time of the Avery, MacLeod,and McCarty experiment, why was it difficult for some scientiststo accept that DNA is the carrier of genetic information?arrow_forwardDiscuss the contributions of Chargaff, Franklin/Wilkins, and Watson/Crick in the elucidation of the structure of DNA. What was the “take home” from each?arrow_forward
- What evidence did Watson and Crick have at their disposal in 1953? What was their approach in arriving at the structure of DNA?arrow_forwarda) Explain the effect of the guanine:cytosine ratio on melting temperature of DNA. b) The Hershey-Chase experiment proved that DNA is the genetic material and not protein. Explain in detatil how this experiment was conducted.arrow_forwardState the properties of the Watson-Crick model of DNA in the following categories: a) number of polynucleotide chains b) polarity (strand direction running same or opposite c) bases on interior or exterior of molecule d) sugar/phosphate on interior or exterior of molecule e) which bases pair with which f) right- or left-handed helixarrow_forward
- You have a sample of genetic material. The nitrogenous base content is 29% guanine. a) If the sample is DNA, what are the amounts of the other bases? Explain your thought process b) Why can you not determine the amounts of the other bases if the sample is RNA? Explain your answer c) How did Watson and Crick make use the relationships between base pairs as they constructed the model for DNA?arrow_forwardWhat observations are consistent with the conclusion that DNA serves as the genetic material in eukaryotes? List and discuss them.arrow_forwardI have this textbook question in my grade 11 bio and it has me really confused as to where to start. Any help would be much appreciated Examine the following DNA sequence and determine what type of mutation, if any, produced the sequences below: ...TAACGCATIT... (a) ...TAGGART... (b) ...TAG CAST... (c) ...TAG CATTLE... (d) ...TACGCA GT TT...arrow_forward
- In the early 1950s, it became clear to many researchers that DNAwas the cellular molecule that carries genetic information. However,an understanding of the genetic properties of DNA couldonly be achieved through a detailed knowledge of its structure.To this end, several laboratories began a highly competitive raceto discover the three-dimensional structure of DNA, which endedwhen Watson and Crick published their now classic paper in 1953.Their model was based, in part, on an X-ray diffraction photographof DNA taken by Rosalind Franklin (Figure 9.10). Two ethical issuessurround this photo. First, the photo was given to Watson and Crickby Franklin’s co-worker, Maurice Wilkins, without her knowledge orconsent. Second, in their paper, Watson and Crick did not creditFranklin’s contribution. The fallout from these lapses lasted fordecades and raises some basic questions about ethics in science. What vital clues were provided by Franklin’s work to Watsonand Crick about the molecular structure…arrow_forwardWhat were the two critical questions about genetic material in cells that Watson and Crick answered with the double heliz and how did the double heliz structure answer each question?arrow_forwardWhat did the Watson–Crick model suggest about the replication of DNA?arrow_forward
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DNA Use In Forensic Science; Author: DeBacco University;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2YIG3lUP-74;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Analysing forensic evidence | The Laboratory; Author: Wellcome Collection;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68Y-OamcTJ8;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY