Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 10, Problem 10TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The translation is a biological process in which mRNA molecules decode to produce amino acids in a polypeptide chain. In simple words, it is the synthesis of protein from mRNA. It involves three steps initiation, elongation, and termination.
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The purpose of the tRNA in the P site is to:
hold the growing polypeptide chain and transfer it to the A site
Initiate translation termination
stabilize the single strands of DNA
Which of the following is NOT an event associated with translation termination?
A stop codon enters the A site on the ribosome.
A Release Factor enters the A site
A terminal amino acid is added to the polypeptide to signal the end of translation.
Release Factor mediates the hydrolysis of the polypeptide from the tRNA at the P site.
The polypeptide and tRNA are released and the ribosomal subunits are separated.
The initial step in the protein translation is
described by:
release of the initiation factors upon assembly
of the initiation complex
binding of mRNA to the smaller subunit of the
ribosome
delivery of an aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site of
the ribosome
formation of the aminoacyl-tRNA
Chapter 10 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 10.1 - What is the direction of flow of genetic...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 10.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 10.1 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 10.2 - How would removing a terminator from a gene affect...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 10.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 10.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 10.3 - Do the ends of protein-encoding genes have a poly...Ch. 10.3 - The splicing of pre-mRNA in eukaryotes involves...
Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 10.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 10.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 10.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 10.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 10.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 10.5 - Prob. 1BCCh. 10.5 - Based on the gene sequences shown here, pick two...Ch. 10.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 10.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 10.5 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 10.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 10.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 10.6 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 10 - Which of the following best represents the central...Ch. 10 - Prob. 2TYCh. 10 - Prob. 3TYCh. 10 - Prob. 4TYCh. 10 - Prob. 5TYCh. 10 - Prob. 6TYCh. 10 - The legion of a tRNA that is complementary to a...Ch. 10 - Prob. 8TYCh. 10 - Prob. 9TYCh. 10 - Prob. 10TYCh. 10 - Lets suppose a gene mutation changed the sixth...Ch. 10 - What is the function of an aminoacyl-tRNA...Ch. 10 - A principle of biology is that the genetic...Ch. 10 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 10 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- The genetic code is defined as a series of _______________ in _______________. (a) anticodons; tRNA (b) codons; DNA (c) anticodons; mRNA (d) codons; mRNA (e) codons and anticodons; rRNAarrow_forwardWhich of the following is/are typically removed from pre-mRNA during nuclear processing in eukaryotes? (a) upstream leader sequences (b) poly-A tail (c) introns (d) exons (e) all the precedingarrow_forwardThe tRNA molecule carries EIF2 and GTP and binds the small ribosomal subunit at the P site in the first steps of translation initiation. tue or falsearrow_forward
- Part A Which of the following processes is represented in the figure below? A 5' ÀÚGÚÚČĞĞŮ 3' AAG UGA UUC RF1 RF2 transcription initiation translation initiation translation elongation transcription elongation translation termination O O Oarrow_forwardWhich of the following is least likely following translation termination? The polypeptide is released. The mRNA is reused. The ribosome is reused. The polypeptide is immediately active.arrow_forwardWhat type of the mRNA is recognized as a first step of translation initiation in eukaryotes? a TaTA sequence A shine dalgarno sequence the 7- methylguanosine cap the start codonarrow_forward
- More than one answer can be correctarrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes a sequence of events that happens during the elongation phase of translation? Group of answer choices A charged tRNA enters the P site of a ribosome; a tRNA bound to a peptide moves to the A site; an tRNA bound to a peptide exits the E site. None of these is an accurate description A charged tRNA enters the A site of a ribosome; a tRNA bound to a peptide moves to the P site; an uncharged tRNA exits the E site. An uncharged tRNA enters the A site of a ribosome; a tRNA bound to a peptide moves to the P site; a charged tRNA exits the E site. A charged tRNA enters the A site of a ribosome; a tRNA bound to a peptide moves to the E site; an tRNA bound to a peptide exits the A site.arrow_forwardIn the role of the P-site and A-site what is: The Processes in the Central Dogma. Identify where the polymerization reaction occurs. Identify in which direction the ribosome moves along the mRNA. How does translation terminate?arrow_forward
- Describe in detail all of the steps necessary to carry out translation. Amino acids, mRNA, 30S ribosome, 50S ribosome, tRNA, protein chain, E site, P site, and A site.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about translation is false? In eukaryotes, the 5' cap and the 3' poly(A) tail are involved in translation initiation. Peptidyl-transferase activity during translation is the property of a ribozyme. A base at the first position of an anticodon on the tRNA would pair with a base at the third position of the mRNA. The growing peptide chain is transferred from the tRNA in the P site to the tRNA in the A site. Ribosomes move along an mRNA in the 3’ → 5' direction.arrow_forwardIn the elongation stage of translation, which of the following options is correct? the polypeptide chain grows from the C terminus to the N terminus. O the mRNA is read in a 3'-to-5' direction. O rRNA is catalytically active. O tRNA is catalytically active. O peptidyl transferase activity is catalyzed by a ribosomal protein.arrow_forward
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