Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 10, Problem 6TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The ribosome is the site of the synthesis of protein. The amino acids are joined together by the command from the mRNA. Ribosome is composed of the large subunit that connects the amino acids to form a polypeptide chain and a small subunit that reads the mRNA.
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At least three types of RNA are required for protein synthesis. Compare and contrast mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA by moving the
descriptions of their structure and function to the appropriate categories. Some phrases may describe all three types of RNA.
mRNA
in eukaryotes, can exist outside the nucleus
acts as an enzyme for peptide synthesis
composed of ribonucleic acid
rRNA
Answer Bank
moves amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
tRNA
contains nucleotide triplets that code for specific amino acids
has a convoluted structure with a three-base sequence called an anticodon
moves genetic information out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm
mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA
The two-dimensional structures of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA are shown in the diagrams.
TRNA
MRNA
FRNA
Which of the following might be one contributing factor to the function of rRNA based on
comparisons between the structures of the three molecules?
rRNA molecules are sufficiently flexible because they contain more RNA loops.
rRNA molecules are more reactive because they have longer chains of unmatched bases.
rRNA molecules are sufficiently stable because the sequence of bases allows for more
internal hydrogen bonds.
FRNA molecules are more rigid because they have a more regular sequence of bases than
other RNA molecules.
Which of the following sentences is
INCORRECT:
The aminoacyl tRNA synthetase charge
the tRNA molecules with the correct
amino acid
The TRNA is loaded onto the ribosome
and is read the nucleotides
Proteins are synthesized from N-
terminus to C-terminus
O Anticodon located on a RNA molecules
is responsible for identifying,
processing, and packaging
macromolecules.
Golgi apprataus
SER
nucleus
RER
Chapter 10 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 10.1 - What is the direction of flow of genetic...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 10.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 10.1 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 10.2 - How would removing a terminator from a gene affect...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 10.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 10.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 10.3 - Do the ends of protein-encoding genes have a poly...Ch. 10.3 - The splicing of pre-mRNA in eukaryotes involves...
Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 10.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 10.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 10.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 10.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 10.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 10.5 - Prob. 1BCCh. 10.5 - Based on the gene sequences shown here, pick two...Ch. 10.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 10.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 10.5 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 10.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 10.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 10.6 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 10 - Which of the following best represents the central...Ch. 10 - Prob. 2TYCh. 10 - Prob. 3TYCh. 10 - Prob. 4TYCh. 10 - Prob. 5TYCh. 10 - Prob. 6TYCh. 10 - The legion of a tRNA that is complementary to a...Ch. 10 - Prob. 8TYCh. 10 - Prob. 9TYCh. 10 - Prob. 10TYCh. 10 - Lets suppose a gene mutation changed the sixth...Ch. 10 - What is the function of an aminoacyl-tRNA...Ch. 10 - A principle of biology is that the genetic...Ch. 10 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 10 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Which of the following is NOT true of transfer RNA (TRNA)? Each individual molecule of tRNA can carry only one specific amino acid tRNA carries the codons transcribed from DNA that are translated for protein synthesis None of the other four answers (all are true of tRNA) tRNA carries amino acids for addition to the growing protein chain tRNA Interacts with ribosomes and mRNA during translationarrow_forwardWhich of the following molecules are participate in the steps protein synthesis steps in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm? DNA ribosome RNA polymerase acetyl transferase tRNA mRNA amino acids rRNAarrow_forwardEach one gives some basic information and summarizes its main role in translation. rRNA: tRNA:arrow_forward
- Table 8.2: Transcription and translation of the first 7 codons in the B-globin chain of hemoglobin. Normal Sequence Mutated Sequence DNA DNA amino acid DNA DNA amino Codon MRNA Codon MRNA coding template strand coding template strand strand acid code code strand sequence sequence G 1 1 G G C 2 A 2 A 3 G G A A 4 4 C G A G G G G 7 A 7 A G G Shape of RBC Shape of RBC 23 3.arrow_forwardWhen the ribosome reaches a nonsense codon, which of the following occurs? a methionine is incorporated the polypeptide is released a peptide bond forms the A site binds to a charged tRNAarrow_forwardThe two-dimensional structures of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA are shown in the diagrams. Which of the following might be one contributing factor to the function of rRNA based on comparisons between the structures of the three molecules? A - rRNA molecules are sufficiently flexible because they contain more RNA loops. B - rRNA molecules are more reactive because they have longer chains of unmatched bases. C - rRNA molecules are sufficiently stable because the sequence of bases allows for more internal hydrogen bonds. D - rRNA molecules are more rigid because they have a more regular sequence of bases than other RNA molecules.arrow_forward
- What are ribosomes composed of? tRNA & proteins mRNA & tRNA rRNA & proteins mRNA & proteins tRNA & rRNAarrow_forwardThe genetic code is made of 3 RNA nucleotides read 3'-->5' 3 RNA nucleotides read 5'-->3' 3 DNA nucleotides read 3'-->5' 3 DNA nucleotides read 5->3' An anticodon read by the ribosome The special shape of the Ribosome P-site The special shape of the Ribosome A-site A protein release factor that binds the start codonarrow_forwardThe ribosome O is unique to eukaryotic cells removes introns from RNAs 0000 catalyzes the formation of the peptide bond during translation has both DNA and protein components all of the abovearrow_forward
- Genes code for which of these biological molecules? O Proteins Lipids Membranes Organellesarrow_forwardAfter the complete ribosome is assembled, what is the first amino-acyl tRNA to enter the ribosome's A site? O Methionine-tRNA O Amino acid #1 - tRNA O Amino acid #2 - tRNA O Amino acid #3 -tRNAarrow_forwardWhich of the following is responsible for creating the covalent bonds that link the amino acids of a protein in the order specified by the gene that encodes that protein? rRNA tRNA mRNA ribosomearrow_forward
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