Answered: Describe in detail all of the steps…

Describe in detail all of the steps necessary to carry out translation. Amino acids, mRNA, 30S ribosome, 50S ribosome, tRNA, protein chain, E site, P site, and A site.

Human Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305112100

Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Chapter21: Dna, Genes, And Biotechnology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7RQ

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Concept explainers

Genomics

Genes are responsible for transmitting the characters located on the chromosomes from one individual to another across the generations. Genetics is the study of different genes that are involved in different functions. Genetics is a branch of biology that studies genes, genetic diversity, and heredity in living organisms. The genetic system consists of genetic notations, which is a system of signs and symbols. Genotype refers to the organism's genetic composition, and phenotype refers to the observable property of the organism.

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Describe in detail all of the steps necessary to carry out translation.

Amino acids, mRNA, 30S ribosome, 50S ribosome, tRNA, protein chain, E site, P site, and A site.

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Describe in detail all of the steps necessary to carry out translation. You may write in complete sentences or provide a numbered or bulleted list. Be sure to indicate the role of each item below: Amino acids, mRNA, 30S ribosome, 50S ribosome, tRNA, protein chain, E site, P site, and A site.
Consider this list (below) of steps involved in translation. These steps are out of order. TRANSLATION: 1. the small and large ribosomal sub-units unite2. two amino acids join together.3. another tRNA anti-codon bonds with another mRNA codon 4. an initial tRNA bearing a specific amino acid arrives at the ribosome 5. the process continues until a protein molecule is completed6. at the synthesis site, initial mRNA codons are inserted
Which of the following statements about translation is false? In eukaryotes, the 5' cap and the 3' poly(A) tail are involved in translation initiation. Peptidyl-transferase activity during translation is the property of a ribozyme. A base at the first position of an anticodon on the tRNA would pair with a base at the third position of the mRNA. The growing peptide chain is transferred from the tRNA in the P site to the tRNA in the A site. Ribosomes move along an mRNA in the 3’ → 5' direction.
The initial step in the protein translation is described by: release of the initiation factors upon assembly of the initiation complex binding of mRNA to the smaller subunit of the ribosome delivery of an aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site of the ribosome formation of the aminoacyl-tRNA
Which of the following best describes a sequence of events that happens during the elongation phase of translation? Group of answer choices A charged tRNA enters the P site of a ribosome; a tRNA bound to a peptide moves to the A site; an tRNA bound to a peptide exits the E site. None of these is an accurate description A charged tRNA enters the A site of a ribosome; a tRNA bound to a peptide moves to the P site; an uncharged tRNA exits the E site. An uncharged tRNA enters the A site of a ribosome; a tRNA bound to a peptide moves to the P site; a charged tRNA exits the E site. A charged tRNA enters the A site of a ribosome; a tRNA bound to a peptide moves to the E site; an tRNA bound to a peptide exits the A site.
Which of the following interactions in E. coli ensures that the start codon of an mRNA is accurately positioned in a ribosome at the initiation of translation? O binding between the mRNA Shine-Dalgarno sequence and ribosomal proteins base-pairing between the mRNA Shine-Dalgarno sequence and rRNA of the small ribosomal subunit O binding between ribosomal proteins and the initiation factor that base-pairs with the start codon O base-pairing between the mRNA Shine-Dalgarno sequence and rRNA of the large ribosomal subunit
Indicate which of the following items are associated with transcription or translation. This could be in prokaryotes or eukaryotes, or both. Group of answer choices: Translation OR Transcription Sigma binds to the promoter mRNA binds to the small ribosomal subunit Spliceosomes remove introns and splice together exons Nucleotides are added from the 5' to 3' end tRNA anticodon binds to the corresponding mRNA codon STOP codon results in termination
Explain briefly how translation is initiated from a) prokaryotic mRNA and b) eukaryotic mRNA. Include names of any relevant sequences on the mRNA, proteins involved, including ribosomal subunits.
The ribosome is the target for many important antibiotics. Distinct antibiotics inhibit various steps in the translation process. Please specify which step of the translation (one short sentence is sufficient) each antibiotic below targets (ex: kasugamycin – inhibits formation of the initiation complex) chloramphenicol tetracycline erythromycin aminoglycosides such as kanamycin
In the role of the P-site and A-site what is: The Processes in the Central Dogma. Identify where the polymerization reaction occurs. Identify in which direction the ribosome moves along the mRNA. How does translation terminate?
An RNA polymer is made by using the enzyme polynucleotide phosphorylase with equal quantities of CTP and GTP. When this RNA is used in an in vitro translation system, all of the following amino acids could be incorporated into a newly made polypeptide, except: Codon Table Second position C UUU UCU UAU UGU phe tyr сys UUC UCC UAC UGC ser UAA Stop UGA Stop UAG Stop UGG trp UUA UCA UUG UCG CUU CCU CAU CGU leu his ССС pro ССА CỤC САС CGC arg CỦA САА CGA gln CUG CCG CAG CGG AUU ACU AAU AGU asn ser AUC ile ACC thr АCА AAC AGC AUA AAA lys AAG AGA arg AUG met ACG AGG GUU GCU GAU GGU asp GUC GCC ala GCA GẠC GGC val gly GUA GAA GGA glu GUG GCG GAG GGG glycine (Gly) histidine (His) proline (pro) alanine (Ala) arginine (Arg) Third position (3'-end) AGUCAG First position (5'-end)
Provide a detailed description (figures/narratives) of each of the following. (1) Ribosome Binding (mRNA) (2) Translation Initiation (3) Translation Elongation (4) Translation Termination