Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321937711
Author: Paula Yurkanis Bruice
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1, Problem 43P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ground state electronic configuration for Ca has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

  • Excited state electronic configuration:

The electronic configuration that results when an electron in the ground state have been moved to a higher –energy orbital.

  • Ground state electronic configuration:

A description about orbitals in which the electrons of an atom occupies when they are all in their lowest available energy orbital.

Electron configuration: The distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.

Formation of ions:

Atom possesses equal number of protons and electrons and remains electrically neutral. By gaining (accepting electrons) or losing (donating electrons) one or more electrons, converts the neutral atom into a charged particle called IONS.

Cation: The loss of one or more electrons by a neutral atom leaves the atom positively charged called cation.

Anion: The gain of one or more electrons by a neutral atom leaves the neutral atom negatively charged called anion.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ground state electronic configuration for Ca2+ ions has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

  • Excited state electronic configuration:

The electronic configuration that results when an electron in the ground state have been moved to a higher –energy orbital.

  • Ground state electronic configuration:

A description about orbitals in which the electrons of an atom occupies when they are all in their lowest available energy orbital.

Electron configuration: The distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.

Formation of ions:

Atom possesses equal number of protons and electrons and remains electrically neutral. By gaining (accepting electrons) or losing (donating electrons) one or more electrons, converts the neutral atom into a charged particle called IONS.

Cation: The loss of one or more electrons by a neutral atom leaves the atom positively charged called cation.

Anion: The gain of one or more electrons by a neutral atom leaves the neutral atom negatively charged called anion.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ground state electronic configuration for Ar ions should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

  • Excited state electronic configuration:

The electronic configuration that results when an electron in the ground state have been moved to a higher –energy orbital.

  • Ground state electronic configuration:

A description about orbitals in which the electrons of an atom occupies when they are all in their lowest available energy orbital.

Electron configuration: The distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.

Formation of ions:

Atom possesses equal number of protons and electrons and remains electrically neutral. By gaining (accepting electrons) or losing (donating electrons) one or more electrons, converts the neutral atom into a charged particle called IONS.

Cation: The loss of one or more electrons by a neutral atom leaves the atom positively charged called cation.

Anion: The gain of one or more electrons by a neutral atom leaves the neutral atom negatively charged called anion.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

  • Excited state electronic configuration:

The electronic configuration that results when an electron in the ground state have been moved to a higher –energy orbital.

  • Ground state electronic configuration:

A description about orbitals in which the electrons of an atom occupies when they are all in their lowest available energy orbital.

Electron configuration: The distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.

Formation of ions:

Atom possesses equal number of protons and electrons and remains electrically neutral. By gaining (accepting electrons) or losing (donating electrons) one or more electrons, converts the neutral atom into a charged particle called IONS.

Cation: The loss of one or more electrons by a neutral atom leaves the atom positively charged called cation.

Anion: The gain of one or more electrons by a neutral atom leaves the neutral atom negatively charged called anion.

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1. Assign O.N.s to each atom in the following: (Write the O.N.s under each atom with the sign first) OF2 Ca HC1O₂ IBrs PH4+ 12 H₂O2 PC16¹- S₂03²- NaAlH4 Ca3(PO3)2 H₂BO3¹- Fe3O4 XeO₂F2 HP₂O7³- 2. In this reaction, use ON's to identify the following: (Give the full compound or ion formula as your answers, not just "Cr" or "H" or "0") 4 H₂O2 + 2 Cr²+ Cr2O72 + H₂O + 6H* a) what substance is being oxidized? b) what substance is being reduced? c) what substance is the oxidizing agent? d) what substance is the reducing agent? e) how many electrons are transferred according to this equation?
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Chapter 1 Solutions

Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)

Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 12PCh. 1.4 - a. Draw two Lewis structures for C2H6O. b. Draw...Ch. 1.4 - Draw the lone-pair electrons that are not shown in...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 16PCh. 1.4 - Which of the atoms in the molecular models in...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 18PCh. 1.7 - What orbitals are used to form the 10 sigma bonds...Ch. 1.9 - Put a number in each of the blanks: a. ___ s...Ch. 1.11 - Predict the approximate bond angles in a. the...Ch. 1.11 - According to the potential map for the ammonium...Ch. 1.12 - Prob. 25PCh. 1.13 - a. Predict the relative lengths and strengths of...Ch. 1.13 - Prob. 28PCh. 1.14 - Which of the bonds in a carbonoxygen double bond...Ch. 1.14 - Caffeine is a natural insecticide, found in the...Ch. 1.14 - a. What is the hybridization of each of the carbon...Ch. 1.14 - Prob. 33PCh. 1.14 - Describe the orbitals used in bonding and the bond...Ch. 1.15 - Account for the difference in the shape and color...Ch. 1.15 - Which of the following molecules would you expect...Ch. 1 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 1 - Prob. 38PCh. 1 - What is the hybridization of all the atoms (other...Ch. 1 - Prob. 40PCh. 1 - Draw the condensed structure of a compound that...Ch. 1 - Prob. 42PCh. 1 - Prob. 43PCh. 1 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 1 - Prob. 45PCh. 1 - List the bonds in order from most polar to least...Ch. 1 - What is the hybridization of the indicated atom in...Ch. 1 - Write the Kekul structure for each of the...Ch. 1 - Assign the missing formal charges.Ch. 1 - Predict the approximate bond angles for the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 51PCh. 1 - a. Which of the indicated bonds in each compound...Ch. 1 - In which orbitals are the lone pairs in nicotine?...Ch. 1 - Draw the missing lone-pair electrons and assign...Ch. 1 - Rank the following compounds from highest dipole...Ch. 1 - Prob. 56PCh. 1 - a. Which of the species have bond angles of 109.5?...Ch. 1 - Prob. 58PCh. 1 - Sodium methoxide (CH3ONa) has both ionic and...Ch. 1 - a. Why is a H 8 H bond (0.74 ) shorter than a C 8...Ch. 1 - Which compound has a larger dipole moment, CHCl3...Ch. 1 - Which compound has a longer C 8 Cl bond?Ch. 1 - Prob. 63PCh. 1 - The following compound has two isomers. One isomer...
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