Chapter 1, Problem 58P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It should be determined for the $s{p}^2$ carbon and the indicated $s{p}^3$ carbons may lie in same plane or not.

Concept introduction:

• The bond angel depends on the orbital used by Carbon to form the bond.
• The greater the amount of s characters in the orbital, the larger the bond angel.
• For example, ${\text{sp}}^3$ carbon have bond angel of ${109.5}^0$,${\text{sp}}^2$ carbon have bond angel of ${\text{120}}^{\text{0}}$, and $\text{sp}$ carbon have bond angel of  ${\text{180}}^{\text{0}}$.
• The bond angel increases the s character in the orbital increases.
• The more s characters in the orbital, the shorter the bond.
• The more s characters in the orbital, the stronger the bond.
• The more s characters in the orbital, the larger the bond angel.
• A $\text{π}$ bond is weaker than a $\text{σ}$ bond.