Chapter 1, Problem 38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compound that has non-polar covalent bond has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Non-polar covalent bonds: A covalent bond between atoms with the same electronegativity.

Example: $\text{H-H}\text{;}\text{F-F}$

The atoms share the bonding electrons in the above molecules equally; that is each electron spends as much time in the vicinity of one atom as in that of the other. Such a bond is called as non-polar covalent bond.

The greater the difference in electronegativity between the atoms forming the bond, the closer the bond is to the ionic end of the continuum.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compound that has a bond closest to the ionic end of the bond spectrum has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Polar covalent bonds: A covalent bond between atoms with the different electronegativity. Polar covalent bond has slight positive charge one end and negative charge on the other end. The negative end is the end that has more electronegative atom.

Non-polar covalent bonds: A covalent bond between atoms with the same electronegativity.

The atoms share the bonding electrons in the above molecules equally; that is each electron spends as much time in the vicinity of one atom as in that of the other. Such a bond is called as non-polar covalent bond.

Example: $\text{H-H}\text{;}\text{F-F}$

The greater the difference in electronegativity between the atoms forming the bond, the closer the bond is to the ionic end of the continuum.